Dr Manju Antil (Counselling Psychologist and Psychotherapist)

According to folk etymology, “Kashmir” means “desiccated land”. In Sanskrit ka means “water” and “Shimeera” means “desiccate”.

Amid the rule of Asoka (304 to 232 BC) Kashmir geographical area turned into a region of the Mauryan Empire and Buddhism was presented in Kashmir. All through this sum, a few stupas, a few altars devoted to Shiva and thusly the town of Srinagar was outlined. Ashoka was the prime establishing father of Srinagar town by and by that will be that the mid-year capital of Jammu and Kashmir. Kanishka the Indo-Scythian leader of higher Asian countries around forty A.D. when Romans were oppression United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Buddhism were beginning to unfurl to China. Buddhism was at its top for the duration of the period of Kanishka. After the passage of time, many rulers like Turkish, Afghans and Mughals entered Kashmir in the era of Sikh rule.  Sikh empire defeated Afghans under Maharaja Ranjit Singh and ruled over Kashmir in 1819. After Ranjit Singh, Gulab Singh a friend of Ranjit Singh becomes the virtual master of Kashmir valley. Gulab Singh was given Kashmir by the British. He paid 75 lakh rupees to Britishers to buy this territory of Kashmir.

After autonomy, the leader of Kashmir was Maharaja Hari Singh. He needed to remain unbiased. He needed to join neither India nor Pakistan. He was a relative of Dogras. He needed Kashmir to be Switzerland of Asia.

In India original population of Kashmir the most attractive place on the globe has suffered and has been suffering from this woe of migration. The original residents of Kashmir are known as Kashmiri residents. The narration of Kashmiri residents is very old and radical. The history of Kashmiri residents is as old as Kashmir and is lasting for more than 11 thousand years. Buddhism was adopted by many people during the empire of Abhimanyu during that period Kashmiri residents face their first struggle for their existence. The Kashmiri residents attained and enjoyed their ascendancy throughout the sovereignty of Nara -1 with the appearance of modern Hinduism, the clash between Buddhism and Brahmanism come to end

Amid the organization of Lohara tradition, Kashmir connects with the untouchable incursions who continually irrupted Kashmir when Mahmood Ghazni attached Punjab, a large portion of the ethnic gatherings on the frontiers of Kashmir grasped the religion of outcasts. Around then Kashmir valley was managed by Sangram Raja (AD 1003-1028). Indeed, even after their adjustment to a religion of untouchables, these individuals manage to visit Kashmir as representatives, explorers and even teachers. Harsha (AD 1089-1101) was a man of extravagant praxis and a disorder of contraries. He scoured the sanctuary belonging and condensed Idols of gold and silver to hold over his money-related. Harsha likewise connected with Generals of other religions in his organization, which was known as Turushkas by Kahana without precedent for the record of Kashmir. Presently pariahs show up as a class in the Political field and started to join their underlying foundations. The Damaras, Lavanya and other ethnic gatherings never embraced the Kashmiri occupants to oversee. In the rule of Jassaka (AD 1180-1198) two tenants Kshuksa and Bhima tried to keep the position of authority. Be that as it may, it was the fear of Damaras or medieval rulers that restricted them. Ramadeva (A.D. 1252-1273) was embarrassed to those Residents who helped him in his royal celebrations. They plan against him yet couldn't succeed. Numerous Residents were executed and others pulverized savagely. This was the principal coordinate wounding against them in the journal of Kashmir. To spare themselves they cried "Na Batoham" (I am not a Bhatta Means Kashmiri). The Kashmir Residents are presently even provoked as Dalli Bhattas.

To contradict the prevalence of Residents the leaders of Kashmir empowered the attack of Muslims into the valley. Accordingly, such huge numbers of Muslim swashbucklers like Bulbul Shah, Shah Mir, and Swat went to Kashmir and wound up captivated to the delightful place lastly Kashmir turned into the casualty of The religion of outsiders aggressors which prompted the appearance of Muslim lead in Kashmir in 1339 AD. Since 1339 the amazing Kashmiri occupants endured seven cataclysmic movements up until this point. A concise portrayal of every one of the seven movements are as under:

FIRST MIGRATION:

In AD 1339, in the wake of tossing down Kota Rain by an underhanded strategy and perpetrating her demise, Shah Mir entrained the Kashmir's fellowship under Sultan Shamas-Ud-Din (known as the light of Religion of untouchables). With the establishment of the new organization Muslim evangelists, coaches, Sayyids and religious austerity entered Kashmir. They continued in the Valley under the great palace and begin advancing lectures of the Religion of pariahs. This not surprisingly starts shred in the middle of the Residents and therefore cachectic resistance amid the rule of Shihab-ad-Din (1354-1373). All the fanes in Srinagar including the one at Bijbehara were obliterated to threaten the denied Kashmir Residents. The occupants of Kashmir started to feel disengaged and distanced in their own particular territory. To join they administer, Sultans standardized the "strategy of the end" or we can state that "approach of slaughter" to dispense with all hints of Kashmiri culture, qualities and Kashmiri people groups in any shape. Be that as it may, the Kashmiri occupants wedged to their religions and conventions disregarding the disorder, Gothicism and savageries of the fortunate decision class. Be that as it may, there were numerous from different positions that either by confirmation or with a specific end goal to increase magnificent support grasped the Religion of untouchables. These new changes over were looked down on by the Kashmiri inhabitants as tricky and treacherous, with no dedication for time regarded values. This offered to ascend to another class of ill will. Suha Bhat, who subsequent to grasping the Religion of outcasts took the name of Saif-ad-Din, turned into the leader of the new changes over amid the rule of Sikandar (AD 1389-1413). Suha Bhatt the changeover, was resolved Prime Minister by Sikandar and both incubated a harmful trick to mistreat the Residents of Kashmir and actualize upon the Nizam-I-Mustafa. Jonaraja says, "The Sultan overlooked his royal obligations and took delight day and night in breaking pictures. There was no city, no town, no town where Sultan left the sanctuaries of Gods continuous "Sikandar met out most extreme oppression to the Residents of Kashmir, it was told in the valley that if a unique occupant doesn't receive the religion and estimations of pariahs, they should withdraw the domain or be slaughtered. As one result, a portion of the occupants of Kashmir fled away, some acknowledged the Religion of pariahs and numerous inhabitants assented to be murdered and gave their lives. All the religious materials of occupants of Kashmir was gathered and tossed into Dal Lake and was jumbling underneath stones and earth." Sikandar the colossal Monarch requested that no man would put the tilak check on his temple and no ladies be approved to execute Sati.

In the expressions of W.R Lawrence, the Aryan Saraswat Residents of Kashmir were given three decisions – demise, transformation or ostracisation. A mammoth no. of the Saraswat inhabitants additionally went into banishes causing the primary disastrous mass departure of the group. At the point when Suha Bhat – the change overcame to realize that numerous Brahmins were leaving Kashmir, he endeavoured to check their mass flight and requested the wilderness watches not to enable anybody to cross the limits. The awful Residents discovered while crossing the fringes were granted severe discipline. Indeed, even it was required for the change over occupants of Kashmir to repay Jazia as they should covertly stick to their old convictions. Sikandar/the Butshikan as well as Soha Bhat who was discovered blameworthy for their remorseless deeds towards the first Kashmir inhabitants.

SECOND MIGRATION :

The second migration happened amid the tyrant organization of Ali Shah. Ali Shah the dictator (AD 1413-1430) child of Sikandar-the Butshikan amid the short control of 6 years carried on his dad's 24 years of czar sway with murders, changes, absolutism and implemented Jazia. Soha Bhat-the changeover, who held the Prime Ministership, preceded with his past wrongdoings and monstrosities against the Kashmiri inhabitants. Jona Raja gives a realistic record of the situation of the distinguished Kashmiri inhabitants in the draconian rule of Ali Shah. He stated, "Soha Bhat-the change overpass the breaking point by exacting fine, Jazia on the twice-conceived". This underhandedness disapproved of man restricted services and belonging on the new moon. He ended up jealous that the Residents who had turned out to be dauntless would keep up their station by heading toward remote nations, he, along these lines, requested posting of squads on the streets not to enable the section to anybody without a travel permit. At that point as the angler torments angle, so this low conceived tormented the twice-conceived in this nation.

The unbelievable unique inhabitants of Kashmir consumed themselves in the outrageous fire through dread of transformation. Some unique occupants executed themselves by taking poisons, some by hanging themselves and others by diving themselves. The sacred place where there is Kashmir was polluted by diSDain and even the ruler's top picks couldn't keep themselves from submitting implosion. A huge number of praised inhabitants who prided in their rank fled from the nation through a bye-street as the principal streets were shut. Indeed, even as men withdraw from this world, so did the Aryans, Saraswat inhabitants of Kashmir escape to remote countries? The hard countries to which they pass the sparse sustenance, medical problems and states of hellfire amid their life expelled from their brains the dread of damnation. In the wake of confronting different catastrophes, for example, the experience with adversaries, the dread of wild creatures, emended warmth and the lack of nourishment, a considerable lot of them passed on in transit and hence got salvation. This was the second hopeless mass of the Kashmiri occupants. Jonaraja calls it "Chandh-Dhandhh" forceful, horrendous and tremendous discipline for the faultless and discouraged occupants of Kashmir.

Later in 1420 AD, Sultan Zainul Abidin-the Budshah ruled Kashmir, who was the child of Sultan Sikandar-the Butshikan, took after the strategy of tolerance towards the Kashmiri inhabitants. He recalled those who had left the valley earlier and abolished Jazia. He also gave them prior positions in administration and also rebuilt temples and the religious tabernacle for residents of Kashmir. But after him, his imprudent son Haidar Shah in 1470 AD once again made Kashmiri residents suffer. He has unkind and inhuman handling towards Kashmiri Saraswat residents. Many of the Kashmiri residents made them drown in the river Visita. Arms and noses of many were cut off; even the same was done to king’s servants. Some of them gave their caste and screamed- “I am not a Bhatta, I am not a Bhatta” (I am not a Saraswat resident).

THIRD MIGRATION :

Third migration occurred during 1477-1496 AD when propagator of Shia sect Mir Shames-ud-Din Iraqi visited the valley and forced the miserable Residents of Kashmir and Sunni Muslims violently to get converted to Shia sect. His main goal was the pressurized declaration of his commitment. In this way, not happy with tranquil lecturing, severe techniques were embraced amid his control; Iraqi was helped by the coldblooded oppressor Malik Mussa Raina, who was otherwise called Soma Chandra. The small powerless Residents, as well as the Sunni Muslims were additionally mightily made changes over to Shia order by peaceful procedures. This inflexible devotion even injured the Sunni leader of Kashmir, Fateh Shah. A khanqah was worked at Zadibal by Iraqi, which later ended up celebrated Hindu centre of Shiva fixation.

Kashmiri inhabitants endured savagely under the direction of Shams-promotion Din Iraqi and Musa Raina. Around 24000 of them were coercively changed over to Shia group by Religion of outcasts. Iraqi had even issued orders that consistently around 1500 to 2000 Residents be conveyed to his doorsteps, expel their consecrated strings, oversee Kalima to them, circumcise them and influence them to eat the hamburger. These declarations were fiercely and mercilessly completed. The Residents of Kashmir religious sacred writings from the seventh century AD onwards and around 18 heavenly sanctuaries were pulverized, property appropriated and women mishandled. A huge number of Residents murdered themselves to this stunning brutality and thousands moved to different spots, bringing about their third mass departure from the saffron valley of Kashmir. The individuals who remained behind were compelled to pay Jazia, as well as their noses and ears were slashed off. To get away from the enormous torment and misery, they cried, "I am not a Hindu".

FOURTH MIGRATION :

Qazi Chak the originator of Chak proclaims in Kashmir (1552-1586 AD), affirmed on vicious religious strategy and made the transformation of a ton of Residents of Kashmir to Shia organization of Religion of pariahs. As per Suka, one thousand cows were butchered each day with no richness of the Residents. These prestigious and exceedingly instructed Aryan Saraswat Residents were made the objects of diversion and reprimand. They were publically provoked, abused and humiliated. The last Chak pioneer, Yaqub Chak, had an opinionated excitement for the transformation of Shia organization and indented mass change of the Residents of Kashmir. Be that as it may, he couldn't oversee his shameless plans on account of Mughal intrusion.

The respectability of Mughal ruler Akbar lies in the heavenly and interesting strategy of religious resilience. Jahangir and Shah Jahan were not all that tolerant. Be that as it may, their excitement can't be named as the enthusiast. Amid this period, the Residents could play out their religious services in the wake of paying some tribute. Be that as it may, the entire situation changed with the promotion of Aurangzeb to the royal position. With his biased fan and narrow-minded approach, the Kashmiri occupants were by and by made helpless. Iftikhar Khan, the Mughal legislative leader of Kashmir amid the rule of Aurangzeb, ruthlessly tyrannized over the Residents to such a degree, to the point that they moved toward Guru Teg Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru at Anandpur in Punjab and requested his own mediation with the Emperor. This, at last, prompted the Guru's affliction and made Guru Gobind Singh make the Khalsa battle oppressors. Muzaffar Khan, Nassar Khan and Ibrahim Khan were different governors of Aurangzeb who savagely threatened the Kashmir inhabitants. These commended substitutes were indeed compelled to move from the place where there is their birthplace. It was the fourth tragic mass migration of the Aryan Saraswat Residents from Kashmir.

FIFTH MIGRATION :

Amid the run of later Mughals, Kashmir saw the flare-up of the most exceedingly bad sort of religious narrow-mindedness. In AD 1720, Mullah Abdul Nabi, additionally called Muhat Kahn, a non-occupant specialist, asked the Deputy Governor, Mir Ahmed Khan, begin a battle of mistreatment of the Kafirs (unbelievers) as the first Kashmiri inhabitants were called. With a specific end goal to fulfil his stannic self-image, the Mulla issued six edicts.

a.         No unique occupant should ride a steed, nor should wear a shoe.

b.         That they ought not to wear Jama (Mughal ensemble)

c.         That they should move unclad arms.

d.         That they ought not to have tilak stamp on their brows.

e.         That their kids ought not to get any training.

Be that as it may, Ahmed Khan declined to execute the fiendish declaration. The Mullah at that point energized his devotees against the first Kashmiri inhabitants. He built up his seat in a mosque, accepted the obligations of the overseer under the title of Dindhar Khan and let free the rule of fear. The inhabitants of Kashmir were devilishly tormented, their homes consumed and appropriately plundered. Several Residents were executed prostrated, mutilated and embarrassed. They started to flee in expansive numbers and stow away in the sloping territory. This was the fifth appalling mass migration of the incredible Kashmiri occupants from their spiritualist homeland. The individuals who stayed behind lived in the most unpleasant and terrible conditions created by Mullah and his group.

SIXTH MIGRATION:

6th The migration happened amid the Afghan manage in Kashmir (1753-1819 AD), which was a time of mercilessness, murder and political agitation. W.R Lawrence calls it the rule of fierce oppression. The savage Afghans utilized each wild, barbaric, crude, fierce, unfeeling and ruthless strategy to stifle the Kashmiri occupants. A pitcher loaded with ordure was put on the leader of a Pandit and stones were pelted on it, till it broke and tragically, Brahman ended up wet with rottenness. Their severity and monstrosity crossed as far as possible when inhabitants of Kashmir were tied up in grass sacks, two and two, and suffocated in the Dal Lake. The deceived Residents of Kashmir were compelled to escape the nation or were slaughtered or changed over to Religion of untouchables. There was a horrendous mass migration of the Kashmiri occupants, the 6th one; too far away places like Delhi, Allahabad and so forth. Numerous secured the long separation by walking.

Hindu guardians decimated the magnificence of their girls by shaving their heads or slicing their noses and ears to spare them from corruption. Any Muslim could hop on the back of a Pandit and take a ride.

Mir Hazar-an an Afghan senator, utilized cowhide packs rather than grass sacks for suffocating Residents. Turbans and shoes were illegal for them. The Saraswat Residents of Kashmir were likewise compelled to develop facial hair and Tilak were prohibited. The Afghans are currently associated with their barbarity, ruthlessness, fierceness, oppression and savagery. They thought no greater amount of cutting off heads than of culling a bloom. For them cutting off heads and culling a blossom is comparable.

SEVENTH MIGRATION:

The seventh relocation is additional striking and radical, with the development of Jammu and Kashmir State, and the foundation of the Dogra administer in 1846, Kashmir inhabitants were impalpably permitted to the foundation. Organization and authorities were deputed from the Jammu area. In spite of the fact that they appreciate the far-reaching religious opportunity and social liberation, the political privileges of the Kashmiri Residents were bound. On specific events, they even progressed toward becoming casualties of interest and suspicion. The awful collective powers likewise turned their glow against them. Amid the collective aggravations of July 1931, shops and houses having a place with the Kashmiri Residents were plundered as well as consumed. These guiltless Residents of Kashmir lost their lives. This correspondence in the state legislative issues irritated and amplified with the progression of time. It was encouraged for a considerable length of time with horrible collective purposeful publicity and mental conditioning.

Following autonomy and progression of Jammu and Kashmir State to India, Kashmiri occupants were pushed back to the unsophisticated Afghan period. The sugar-covered nap of venomous toxics was given to them. Article 370 of the Indian constitution simply shortened them to code and sold their people.

The legislature of Shaikh Abdulla embraced a noxious and deceptive approach towards the Saraswat Residents of Kashmir. Shaikh Abdulla attempted to build "Sheikdom" for his dynastic run in Kashmir. In any case, his imaginings were kept in 1953 for hostility to national activities. He was at freedom in 1958 however kept following three months under the Kashmir connivance case.

"India as a radical power" was marked by Shaikh Abdulla amid 1953-1974 attempting to vanquish the general population of Kashmir. He pronounced that the progression of Kashmir with India was his incomparable mistake of judgment for which history will never excuse him. He asserted the privilege of self-assurance for the natives of Muslim-commanded Kashmir yet uncared for the Jammu and Ladakh locales were overwhelmed by the Hindu and Buddhist populace. The obstructionist Shaikh upheld the plebiscite with the open flight of Indian armed force from the saffron valley. He likewise crusaded against the exchange of staple goods from India and requested that individuals eat up potatoes developed in Kashmir. Because of such contentions, Shaikh Abdullah was nicknamed "Aaloo Bab" (Feeder of Potatoes) in Kashmir. He made touching sales that after death, his body ought not to be covered in under adversary control Valley, but rather overflowed in a sacrosanct stream of The Arabian Sea. Then again, at the display, his brilliant entombment chamber remains on the store of staggering Dal Lake in Srinagar and is secured by Indian security powers.

 In 1974 entire political situation takes a sensational turn when the Indira-Sheik accord was marked and Sheik turned into the central pastor of state after the hole of 20 years. He overlooked all his against national mottos and did not focus on the desires of the basic man that was produced by him. All of a sudden he begins to talk the converse of Indian patriotism, Indian popular government, social fairness and secularism overlooking his prior powerful battle for the plebiscite. Be that as it may, it turned out to be past the point of no return, abhor India poison imbued by him in the blood of Kashmiri youth was oppressed by other hostile to national and so-called government officials.

To get revenge for the failure of Bangladesh, Pakistan deliberately backs the enmity, battling and shock crusade in the Kashmir Valley bringing about the disorder of 1889-90. The then understood legislative leader of Jammu and Kashmir Jagmohan composed a point by point letter to the head administrator of the country. Be that as it may, the Indian government and administration were as yet indifferent and the last cutting of Kashmiri Saraswat occupants starts with against country trademarks. The savage disposal of thousands of perfect Saraswat inhabitants of Kashmir caused their seventh and last unfortunate mass valediction from the Kashmir Valley. The banished group of Kashmir dwindled from 10% out of 1947 to less than 1% today. In the middle of February and March 1990, 140000 to 160000 Pundits fled from the Kashmir Valley to different parts of the nation.

EFFECT OF THE SEVENTH RELOCATION:

The effect of Kashmiri relocation effects affects the social texture of state separated from the Hazardous impact on the ousted group Kashmiri occupants.

Banished occupants left their mobile and undaunted property undefended and with no neighbourhood overseer in the suspicion of returning. The greater part of these properties stayed hazardous; a few houses are signed or plundered while some were taken by security powers for settlement and activities. Therefore places of vagrants were harmed plundered and consumed by these two differentiating components. The Jammu based association of Kashmiri savants "Panun Kashmir" contended that more than twenty-five thousand places of transients have been scorched. Since no enumeration or overview has been completed in such a manner, in this way these appraisals have no scholastic believability.

In Jammu, these transients confront serious wellbeing, injury physical, mental and mental as a portion of the camps resemble ghettos, without essential offices of drinking water, power, living space and wellbeing offices.

WILL KASHMIRI PANDITS RETURN TO THE KASHMIR VALLEY?

It is dubious, that the greater part of the Kashmiri transients who have left the valley since1990 will return Majority of these families are settled in various parts of the nation and the remaining dwell in camps. A large portion of the individuals from this ousted group are exceedingly taught landed assorted types positions in government and private division. Yet, numerous among them particularly senior citizens and original transients still need to come back to Kashmir. It is their inner want which they need to full fill amid their lifetime. While more youthful don't think so as they are occupied with various callings, occupations and distinctive financial exercises yet scars of the movement were additionally found in them.