With a passion for understanding how the human mind works, I use my expertise as a Indian psychologist to help individuals nurture and develop their mental abilities to realize lifelong dreams. I am Dr Manju Antil working as a Counseling Psychologist and Psychotherapist at Wellnessnetic Care, will be your host in this journey. I will gonna share psychology-related articles, news and stories, which will gonna help you to lead your life more effectively. So are you excited? Let go

Signs That Someone Has Main Character Syndrome| Psychologist advice। Dr Manju Antil। Wellnessnetic Care



Here we going to discuss Signs That Someone Has Main Character Syndrome . While not a psychological diagnosis, some people think of themselves as the main character or the protagonist of their story.




Unfortunately, this often results in others finding them insufferable. Here are some signs of that.











They get angry when things don't go their way even for very minor inconveniences because they feel the world is against them 
They are constantly doing things for other's validation and attention as if there are eyes on them every moment 










They always need a 'villain' in their lives and will invent a reason to hate someone when they feel like it 

They always need a 'villain' in their lives and will invent a reason to hate someone when they feel like it . They feel a constant need to prove themselves superior to others, to them everything is a competition 




They are more concerned with their appearance and how they are perceived than how they feel, they flaunt everything on social media 







They see everyone else in their lives as supporting casts instead of human beings. They also see people in black-and-white: "Either you are with me or against me."

'Main Character Syndrome' is a result of an increasing disconnection with the world and themselves, fuelled by social media. Ironically, this attempt to reclaim one's life leads to self-obsession, indulging in encindul gencestance from real life and others.









We may feel tempted to hate and judge people who have this, but it often stems from not receiving validation and being mistreated in life. Kindness and some honest words help people snap out of this much more effectively than judgment.
Share:

Signs That You Are An Emotional Punching Bag For Someone Else| Dr Manju Antil| Wellnessnetic Care| Mental health advice



When someone has a really tough day, they might get angry at you even though you didn't do anything wrong. That means you're their emotional punching bag or scapegoat, and they use you to release all of their anger and stress.

Here we are going to discuss What it mean to become someone's emotional punching bag 

An 'emotional punching bag' refers to someone who soaks up the negativity and intense emotions of other people at their own expense and is usually a high-empathy person.

Here are some signs that you are one of them.

1. You feel like you are taking up way more emotional labor than they are doing for you

2. They brush off your concerns or redirect it to themselves when you talk about your problems, you never feel listened to

 
3. Whenever they're angry at someone else, you feel like they're directing it at you even though you've done nothing wrong

4. After every conversation you feel extremely fatigued but they refreshed

5. They feel entitled to your time and energy but they don't reciprocate that when you need help -- you are taken for granted

6. You sometime feel like a parent to the person instead of the role you actually play (friend, partner, colleague, etc) 
7. You feel like you've lost touch of who you are and your self-esteem drops -- your life revolves around them instead of you

Someone who is an emotional punching bag are often (but not always) folks with a history of trauma who prioritize others' needs above their own and/or empaths and chronic people-pleasers.

If this is you, please don't be afraid to stand up for yourself even if it means a tough conversation -- voicing your concerns is much more helpful than just 'taking it. Remember that a healthy relationship is both give and take.
Share:

Powerful Things Survivors of Mental Illnesses and Therapists Tell Themselves| Dr Manju Antil| Wellnessnetic Care

Stress levels have increased because of health factors, work-related stress, and other personal issues. Life is different now than it used to be before.

Mental health is important for when we have to make difficult decisions, deal with stressful situations, and interact with others. It can help us stay healthy overall. Therefore, we need to learn more about mental health to keep it in check and help others understand it too.

The factors that can negatively influence mental stability and health are:

Past trauma, 
abuse, or neglect
Long-term and/or severe stress
Social isolation
Loneliness
Bereavement
Discrimination
Long-term physical conditions
Social disadvantages
Poverty or significant debt
Unemployment
A breakup or divorce
Dysfunctional family life

Here we are going to discuss Powerful Things Survivors of Mental Illnesses and Therapists Tell Themselves. 

1. "I deserve better than what life has currently given me and I won't stop until I've gotten it."

2. "I love myself too much to care about what others think about me. I'm living my life, not them."

3. "I am deserving and capable of being loved, no matter what my mind says sometimes."

4. "I love myself too much to repeat the cycles of self-sabotage that have kept in place for so long."

5. "I don't care about these things that don't matter and I mean it."

6. "I don't have to do anything or change myself in order to have value. I have value just being who I am."
7. "I resolve to not live my life in the past or the future but to enjoy myself fully in the present, hard as it may be.

8. "I never wanted to be strong and I wish I never had to be. But I will do what I must in order to get the life I deserve."

9. "If the world is not kind to me, then I will be kind to myself."




Share:

Things To Remember If You Are Single On Valentine's month| Dr Manju Antil| Wellnessnetic Care


It's important to say that February 14th can be a source of stress for all of us, from singles to six polys. However, noon on the shortest month of the year need not be determined by your current love situation. Valentine's Day can be a special time to reflect on the beautiful friendships you have and your own strengths and abilities. You can ignore the day altogether, but being single on Valentine's Day is a great way to spend time on other holidays because there are so many fun activities to show how much you love and appreciate yourself, your best friends, and your family. This means that you can enjoy your holiday in the same way as you would. After all, love is romantic, platonic, and familial. If red hearts and pink candies make you feel sick, Valentine's Day is the perfect time to grab a face mask, encourage self-care, and focus on all the gifts you give the world. 



 1. You are worthy and deserving of love,  You are complete, whole loved, and supported even if you don't have a romantic partner right now. The universe is so big and loves you so much. And you are strong, thoughtful, and a mighty force of nature who is so loved and supported by the world around you, regardless of your romantic status. 


Photo by Ferdinand Studio: https://www.pexels.com /photo/woman-wearing-yellow-dress-1104035/

2. It is better to be single than to be in a relationship for the sake of being in one, You don't need other people to do what you want. It's important to remember every day of the year, is not necessarily about dating. If you want to change jobs, visit a new city, or cut all your hair, all you need is your own opinion or permission. 

Photo by Adrienn: https://www.pexels.com/photo/three-women-posing-for-photo-1524105/

3. Your worth is not defined by your relationship status or the number of partners you've had. Looking at your friends' relationships and berating you for being single, or rolling your eyes at your roommates and their partners, isn't really helpful. You are you. You will find the right love for you. You don't have to compete with others in happy relationships or compare your standards with others when dating people you don't find cute or smart, or you find them attractive, and intelligent still.  

Photo by Andrea Piacquadio: https://www.pexels.com/ photo/photo-of-a-woman-holding-shopping-bags-974911/

  4. It's okay to be focusing on other things like your career or   aspirations rather than a relationship, 

   I live with angels and we all do affirmations at home. From        "I love myself enough to let the world know I'm capable"      to a simple "I'm good enough", self-care and love mantras and affirmations are very powerful to see and repeat. It may or may not sound cheesy, but remember that you have a right to be lazy or grumpy or that you are strong and powerful can make all the difference. There is a possibility

 

Photo by ELEVATE: https://www.pexels.com/photo/








5. Dating someone isn't the only way to get intimacy, love, and support from another person. Use this day to write to your friends and let them know what they bring to your life or Grab a buddy and connect, whether it's a massage, a meal, or any other fun thing "couples" do. There might even be a pair discount!

Photo by Leticia Curvelo: https://www.pexels.com/photo/ photo-of-a-smiling-young-woman-in-a-purple-dress-15443051/
6. it's okay to be single! You can order whatever you want and you don't have to share it. You don't have to get gifts from anyone other than yourself. You don't have to compromise your plans or consider other people when doing what you want. 

7. Similarly, if you are grieving a breakup or loss, it's okay to take time for yourself and not feel pressured to be in love.


8. you are the perfect flower Being single and taking the time to deliberately and selectively decide who to give your time and energy to is really good. , you don't have to. 




Lastly. Valentine's Day is exploited by companies to sell products. It shames singles (and couples) into believing that you must do something special for the day...so that they buy more stuff.

It means as much, or as little as you want it to. If it's something you like, please celebrate it. But don't feel obliged to part take if you are single or even if you're in a relationship.

Share:

Psychology Faculty- job post Unimonks Delhi, SALARY ₹10,000 - ₹20,000 a month| psychology job| teaching job

Here is a vacancy announced for psychology faculty at uni monks, munirka Delhi, one year of teaching experience is required. full and part-time both mode is available for job


Psychology Faculty- job post

Delhi, Delhi
10,000 - 20,000 a month

 Job details

Salary: 10,000 -20,000 a month

Job type

Full-time

Part-time

Regular / Permanent

Shift and schedule

Day shift

Qualifications

Teaching: 1 year (Required)

Master's (Preferred)

Making lesson Plans: 1 year (Preferred)

total work: 1 year (Preferred)

English (Preferred)

Full Job Description

Faculty will be covering the syllabus of the CUET UG Psychology section of class 12th through online and offline modes from the office

Role and responsibility

1. Teaching

2. Booklet

3. short educational video content

4. any other suitable work

Job Types: Full-time, Part-time, Regular / Permanent

Salary: ₹ 10,000.00 - ₹20,000.00 per month

Schedule: Day shift

Ability to commute/relocate: Munirka, Delhi - 110067, Delhi: Reliably commute or planning to relocate before starting work (Required)

Education: Master's (Preferred)

Experience:

Teaching: 1 year (Required)

Making lesson Plans: 1 year (Preferred)

total work: 1 year (Preferred)

Language: English (Preferred)

Hiring Insights

Hiring 1 candidate for this role

Job Activity

Employer reviewed job 1 day ago

Posted 14 days ago


Related search terms:

Psychiatrist| Psychiatrist near me| | Psychiatrist in Delhi | Best Psychiatrist Doctor South Delhi | Best Psychiatrist in South Delhi | Psychiatrist in Gurugram | Best Psychiatrist in Gurugram | Best Psychiatrist in Gurugram for Depression | Best Psychiatrist in Gurugram for Addiction | Depression treatment in Gurugram | OCD treatment in Gurugram | Deaddiction treatment in Gurugram | Schizophrenia treatment in Gurugram | Best Psychiatrist near me for Anxiety | Best Psychiatrist near me for Depression | Best Psychiatrist near me for Anxiety and Depression | Best Psychiatrist near me for Addiction| Depression treatment| Anxiety treatment | OCD Treatment | Best Doctor for OCD Treatment in India | OCD Treatment cost in India | Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Treatment | Addiction and OCD| Addiction treatment | Addiction Counselling | Drug Addiction Counselling | Addiction Treatment near me | De-addiction Specialist | Addiction Treatment Centres | Best Psychologists In Delhi | Best Psychologists In Gurugram | Best Psychologists In India | Psychotherapy | Counselling | Online Psychotherapy| Online Counselling|

nvs teacher recruitment 2023, teachers recruitment 2023, kvs teacher recruitment 2023, prt teachers recruitment 2023,nvs recruitment 2023,kvs recruitment 2023, recruitment, teacher Bharti 2023, counsellor in India, counsellor vacancy 2023, school counsellor, Bihar teachers Bharti 2023, DPS recruitment 2023, b.ed teacher Bharti 2023, the role of a counsellor, psychology job 2023, dsssb counsellor vacancy 2023, counsellor career, dsssb counsellor recruitment 2023

govt school recruitment 2023, recruitment, teacher Bharti 2023, government jobs 2023,kvs recruitment 2023, Bihar teachers Bharti 2023,nvs recruitment 2023 notification, job vacancy 2023, Tamilnadu Anganwadi recruitment 2023, TamilNadu post office recruitment 2023,b.ed teacher Bharti 2023, tn govt school jobs 2023

counsellor vacancy 2023,dsssb counsellor recruitment 2023, wcd counsellor vacancy 2023, new counsellor vacancy 2023,nvs teacher recruitment 2023,dsssb counsellor 2023,dsssb counsellor vacancy 2023, teachers recruitment 2023,kvs teacher recruitment 2023,prt teachers recruitment 2023,nvs recruitment 2023,kvs recruitment 2023, DPS recruitment 2023, wcd recruitment 2023, latest counsellor vacancy 2023, Anganwadi recruitment 2023, counsellor vacancy after ma

prt teachers recruitment 2023, air force school permanent vacancy, airforce school teacher recruitment 2023, air force school vacancy, air force school recruitment, air force school recruitment 2021, air force school teacher recruitment, air force school Delhi teacher recruitment

govt job vacancy 2023, govt jobs 2023, school vacancy 2023, army school vacancy 2023, dance teacher vacancy in school, school teacher vacancy 2023, job vacancy 2023, latest govt jobs 2023, school vacancy, non-teaching vacancy 2023, non-teaching job in govt college, govt teaching jobs 2023,tn govt school jobs 2023, govt aided school teacher vacancy in Tamilnadu 2023, govt job vacancy 2023, job vacancy 2023,tn govt jobs, govt school recruitment 2023, govt jobs 2023,tn govt school teaching jobs, govt school teacher vacancy, govt teacher vacancy 2023, vacancy for computer teacher in govt school,tn govt jobs 2023 in Tamil, govt school teachers, govt school teachers wanted,tn govt teacher jobs, govt school teachers jobs, non-teaching staff vacancy, Sainik school vacancy 2023,nvs non-teaching post vacancy, non-teaching staff recruitment 2023, govt model school new vacancy, residential school vacancy 2023

nvs tgt vacancy 2023,nvs permanent teacher vacancy 2023,nvs vacancy 2023, nvs pgt vacancy 2023,nvs recruitment 2023,nvs permanent teacher vacancy,nvs teacher recruitment 2023,nvs teacher vacancy 2023,nvs,nvs teacher vacancy,nvs tgt pgt vacancy 2023,nvs permanent teacher recruitment 2023,nvs vacancy,nvs permanent teacher recruitment,nvs permanent teachers recruitment,nvs tgt pgt new vacancy,nvs tgt pgt new vacancy 2023,nvs pgt vacancy

air force school recruitment 2023, recruitment, teachers recruitment 2023,kvs teacher recruitment 2023, air force school vacancy 2023,nvs teacher recruitment 2023,

#govtcounselorjob #iafschoolvacancy #govtjobspermanentcounselorjob #sarkarinaukri #psychologyjobs #teachingvacancy2023 #nonteachingvacancy2023 #careerinpsychoology #permanentteachingvacancy #regularcounselor #schoolvacancy


Share:

Loneliness Thoughts Sound Like| Do you also feel lonely| Most asked question regarding psychology on google| Know more about psychology| Dr manju antil| wellnessnetic care| psychologist manju antil


Loneliness sucks. It makes you feel less than human and lose touch with yourself, and it even is the precursor to depression for a lot of people. Here we are going to discuss some most common thoughts a person has when he/she feels lonely 


1. "I am frequently around people but I can't connect to them. This makes me feel even more alone."

2. "Human beings are supposed to be social creatures but I'm always lonely. Is there something wrong with me?

3. "I can't blame anyone else but myself for my loneliness. It sucks."



4. "I can't tell my friends and family that I'm lonely because then it makes them seem bad. What do I do?"

5. "Everyone seems to have their own social circle that I can't enter no matter how hard I try. I'm lost."

6. "I regret not focusing more on my relationships in the past. Have I lost my chance to connect to others? Am I doomed?"

7. "Everyone else seems to be having so much fun on social media."


8. " guess I just have to accept that I'll be lonely forever."

No, you don't have to be lonely forever. The first step is to repair your own relationship with yourself and be your own friend. That will help you as you gradually reconnect with old friends and make new ones in environments that you feel safe in.

Share:

DISABILITY: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE| THE DISABLED PERSONS IN INDIA| Most asked question regarding psychology on google| Know more about psychology| Dr manju antil| wellnessnetic care| psychologist manju antil

 


World Health Organisation (1978) proposes the assumption of a three-tier classification system including Impairment, Functional limitations and Disability. Impairment leads to functional limitations, and functional limitation leads to disability.

Impairment

 An impairment is permanent or transitory, psychological, or anatomical loss and/or abnormality. For example a missing or effective part, tissue organ or “Mechanism” of the body.Such as an amputated limb, paralysis after polio, myopia, mental retardation etc.

Functional Limitation

Impairment may cause functional limitations which are the partial or total inability to perform activities necessary for motor, sensory, or mental functions within the range and manner of which a human being is normally capable such as walking, lifting loads, seeing, hearing, reading, writing, counting, talking interest in and making contact with surroundings. A functional limitation may last for a short time, a long time permanent or reversible. It should be quantifiable whenever possible. Limitations may be described as “Progressive” or “Regressive”.

Disability

Disability is defined as an existing difficulty in performing one more activity which in accordance with the subject’s age, sex and normative social role, are generally accepted as essential, basic components of daily living, such as self-care, social relations and economic activity. Depending in part on the duration of the functional limitation disability may be short-term, long-term or permanent.

Medically, disability is physical impairment and inability to perform physical functions normally. Legally, disability is a permanent injury to the body for which the Person should or should not be compensated.

The disability can be divided into 3 periods:

1. Temporary total disability is the period in which the affected person is totally unable to work. During this time he may receive orthopaedic, ophthalmological auditory or speech or any other medical treatment.

2. Temporary partial disability is the period when recovery has reached the stage of improvement so that person may begin some kind of gainful occupation.

3.   Permanent disability, applies to permanent damage or loss of use of some part/parts of the body after the stage of maximum improvement from any medical treatment has been reached and the condition is stationary.

 The stark truth that confronts us all, today is the total number of disabled people in the world. WHO puts the figure at 500 million; a figure exceeding the entire population of Africa or that of the United States of America and the USSR combined. 300 million of this staggering number live in developing and under-developed countries. And this is no static figure, every year an additional 15 million handicapped join the ranks of disabled persons. As victims of war, accidents, mal-nutrition and diseases they share the right of all humanity to grow and learn, to work and create, to love and to be loved; but they live in societies that have not yet learned to fully protect such

Rights for disabled citizens; who are, too often, denied the opportunities and responsibilities which should rightfully be theirs

One more stark statistic out of the 500 million disabled, at least one quarter are children. Yes (according to Unicef figures) one child in every ten is born with a disability or acquires it early in life.

THE DISABLED PERSONS IN INDIA

India is a vast country with variable social, cultural, geographical and economic backgrounds. Despite breakthroughs in health services, a number of disabilities continue to appear due to polio, communicable and congenital diseases, increased industrialization and mechanization, and vehicular traffic leading to locomotor disabilities. Vitamin-A deficiency, cataracts and infections, injuries, nutritional deficiencies leading t visual loss, ear infections, external injuries, and noise pollution contributing to hearing loss.

An insight into the magnitude of disability in India can be obtained from the report of the survey done by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO), which has estimated the disabled population in India and about 17 million, constituting about 1.9% of the total population of India. About 10% of disabled persons suffer from more than one disability. It is estimated that 2% to 2.5% of the

The population is mentally disabled. Those with locomotor disabilities, number about 5.4 million, with speech and hearing disorders, 4.8 million, and with visual handicapped, 3.5 million. As 80% of disabled persons live in rural areas, rehabilitation services need to be improved in these areas.

In 1985, the Government launched the District Rehabilitation Centre Scheme (DRCS) in eleven districts of the country. These services include immunization, medical and surgical assistance, education through special schools, vocational training and job placement. Since 1991, these centres have also started training Aanganwadi workers and their instructors. An evaluation of this scheme prompted the formulation of a new scheme, which is to be operated in rural areas through voluntary organisations.

The objective of the new scheme is to provide comprehensive services encompassing medical educational, vocational, social and psychological rehabilitation, to all categories of rural disabled, as far as possible at their doorsteps. This scheme comprises a two-tier programme. It would operate at the district level and at the Primary Health Centre (PHC) level. At the district level, a core team of professionals and specialists would function under

The project coordinator. At the PHCs, there would be a Multi Rehabilitation Assistant (MFA) together with three Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) Workers. The scheme would be introduced in a phased manner and the entire district would be covered within a period of 3 to 4 years.

This attempt to adopt the Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) approach for rural areas would lead to initiatives from the community to manage welfare activities. This is to be done through the participation of disabled people in all stages of the programme, from planning to implementation. Resources would also be generated from within the community as far as possible.

The Government provides financial assistance to voluntary agencies working in the field. The scheme ‘Assistance to Organisations for Disabled’ has been in operation for the last 30 years. At present about 315 voluntary organisations throughout the country are being assisted to implement rehabilitation programmes. These are in the areas of education, vocational training, placement services, psychological rehabilitation/counselling, awareness generation, early detection and intervention. There are approximately 82 voluntary organisations in the area of orthopedically handicapped, 63 in the area of visually handicapped, 67 in hearing handicapped and 101 in mental retardation.

In 1992-93, Rs. 9.6 crore were given to voluntary organisations, benefiting about 42811 people with disabilities, while in 1993-94, Rs. 10.4 crore were given, benefiting 60161 people with disabilities.

Share:

व्यक्तित्व परीक्षण OPERSONALITY TESTI व्यक्तित्व की महत्वपूर्ण परिभाषाएँ (Important] Definitions of Personality)| Most asked question regarding psychology on google| Know more about psychology| Dr manju antil| wellnessnetic care| psychologist manju antil

व्यक्तित्व परीक्षण OPERSONALITY TESTI व्यक्तित्व की महत्वपूर्ण परिभाषाएँ (Important] Definitions of Personality) 

आलपोर्ट के अनुसार, "व्यक्तित्व एक व्यक्ति की उसकी विशेषताओं के अनुसार सामाजिक उद्दीपकों के प्रति की गई प्रतिक्रिया है और वह गुण है जो वह अपने वातावरण के सामाजिक लक्षणों से समायोजित होकर प्राप्त करता है। "

मन के शब्दों में, "व्यक्तित्व की परिभाषा उस अति विशेषतापूर्ण संगठन के रूप में दी जा सकती है जिसमें व्यक्ति की संरचना, व्यवहार के ढंग, रुचियो, अभिवृत्तियाँ समताएँ योग्यताएँ तथा अभिक्षमताएँ सम्मिलित हैं। 

गुथरी लिखते हैं, "व्यक्तित्व की परिभाषा सामाजिक महत्व की उन आदतों एवं आदत संस्थानों के रूप में, की जा सकती है जो स्थिर एवं परिवर्तन के अवरोध वाली होती है।


उपर्युक्त परिभाषाओं के आधार पर निष्कर्षतः कहा जा सकता है कि व्यक्तित्व व्यक्ति के मनोदैहिक गुणों का गत्यात्मक संगठन है जो व्यक्ति के वातावरण के प्रति अपूर्ण समायोजन को निर्धारित करता है। व्यक्तित्व के प्रकार (Types of Personality) व्यक्तित्व को विशेषतः दो प्रकार से विभाजित किया गया है-

(i) बहिर्मुखी व्यक्तित्व (Extrovert Personality)- इस प्रकार के व्यक्ति यथार्थवादी व्यवहार कुल्लू संकोच रहित, अधिक बोलने वाले, भावप्रधान, भौतिकवादी, अधिक क्रियाशील, शीघ्र यथोचित निर्णय लेते वाले, वर्तमान सन्दर्भ में विश्वास रखने व वस्तुगत दृष्टिकोण वाले होते है एवं समाज की मुख्य धारा से जुड़े होते है। 

(ii) अन्तर्मुखी व्यक्तित्व (Introvert Personality) - इस प्रकार के व्यक्तित्व में वे व्यक्ति आते हैं जो संकोची स्वभाव, विचार प्रधान, एकान्तप्रिय, आत्मगत दृष्टिकोण वाले, देर से निर्णय लेने वाले, कम व्यवहारकुशल, भविष्य में विश्वास रखने वाले एवं कम बोलने वाले होते हैं।


शारीरिक रचना के आधार पर व्यक्तित्व (Personality on the basis of Physiological Structure) प्रयोग से पूर्व व्यक्तित्व के शारीरिक रचना सम्बन्धी आधारों को समझना भी उचित होगा। इस सन्दर्भ में क्रेशमर (Kretshmer) एवं शैलडन (Sheldon ) स्पष्ट करते हैं-
(i) पिकनिक टाइप (Pyknic Type)- ये व्यक्ति मोटे एवं लम्बे शरीर वाले होते हैं।
(ii) मेसोमार्फिक (Mesomorphic)- इसके अन्तर्गत दृष्ट एवं पुष्ट परन्तु शरीर में सामान्य बल वाले व्यक्ति होते हैं। यह लोग स्वभाव से साहसी तथा क्रियाशील होते हैं कठिनाइयों का धैर्य के साथ सामना करते हैं तथा दूसरों पर प्रभुत्व जमाने का प्रयास करते हैं। 
(iii) एथेलेटिक टाइप (Atheletic Type)- इसमें इष्ट-पुष्ट, गठीली माँसपेशियों, मजबूत हड्डियाँ चौड़ी छाती चौड़े कन्ये वाले लोग आते है।
(iv) एस्थेनिक टाइप (Asthenic Type)-पतले एवं लम्बे शरीर वाले व्यक्ति इस श्रेणी के अन्तर्गत आते हैं। 
(v) एण्डोमार्फिक (Endomorphic)- इसके अन्तर्गत भी हष्ट-पुष्ट, टोस, बलशाली, मजबूत हड्डियों एवं मांसपेशियों लोग आते हैं। ये लोग आराम पसन्द तथा लोगों से प्रेम एवं स्नेह पाने के इच्छुक होते हैं। 
(vi) एक्टोमार्फिक (Ectomorphic)- शारीरिक रूप से दुर्बल, दुबले-पतले व कमर वाले लोग इस श्रेणी में आते हैं। ऐस व्यक्ति कुशाग्र बुद्धि वाले काम और अन्तर्मुखी होते हैं।
Share:

बुद्धि लब्धि की संकल्पना | CONCEPT OF INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT| Most asked question regarding psychology on google| Know more about psychology| Dr manju antil| wellnessnetic care| psychologist manju antil

बुद्धि लब्धि की संकल्पना (CONCEPT OF INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT)


प्रत्येक मानव शरीर में कुछ शक्तियाँ विद्यमान होती है। मानव शरीर में जन्म से ही उन शक्तियाँ क्षमताओं में बुद्धि का भी अपना स्थान होता है। बुद्धि द्वारा ही शिशु ज्ञान प्राप्त करता है और आगे बढ़ता है।

बुद्धि-लब्धि का अभिप्राय (Meaning of Intelligence Ouotient )- सामान्य योग्यता की गति की ओर संकेत करती है। प्रसिद्ध मनोवैज्ञानिक कोल और ब्रूस ने बुद्धि-लब्धि को इस प्रकार बताया है- "बुद्धि-लब्धि यह बताती है कि शिशु की मानसिक योग्यता का किस गति से विकास हो रहा है।"

बुद्धि मापन के लिए बुद्धि-लब्धि (1.Q.) का उपयोग सर्वप्रथम मनोवैज्ञानिक टर्मन ने किया। उनका सबसे बड़ा योग शिशु की शारीरिक आयु के आनुपातिक स्वरूप को ही बुद्धि-लब्धि के नाम से जाना जाता है। इसे निम्नलिखित सूत्र के द्वारा स्पष्ट किया जा सकता है-

                  बौद्धिक आयु
बुद्धि-लब्धि = चथार्थ आयु x 100

I. Q = (Mental Age)/(Chronological Age) * 100

उपरोक्त सूत्र को उदाहरण देकर स्पष्ट किया जा सकता है। यदि शिशु की बौद्धिक आयु 12 वर्ष है और उसको यचार्थ (वास्तविक) आयु 10 वर्ष है तो बुद्धि लब्धि को इस प्रकार निकाला जा सकता है-

बुद्धि-लब्धि = 12 - x 100 = 120

10 शिशु की बुद्धि-लब्धि 120 हुई, इसका अर्थ है कि शिशु प्रखर बुद्धि का है क्योंकि 100 बुद्धि-लब्धि वाले बालक सामान्य बुद्धि की श्रेणी में आते है। बौद्धिक आयु का जानना अत्यधिक आवश्यक है।

बौद्धिक आयु (Mental Age) - मनुष्य अथवा शिशु का बुद्धि स्तर उसको बौद्धिक आयु की ओर इशारा करता है। बौद्धिक आयु किसी विशेष आयु स्तर पर परिपक्वता को प्रदर्शित करती है। डॉ. माथुर के अनुसार “बौद्धिक आयु किसी व्यक्ति के द्वारा प्राप्त विकास की सीमा की वह अभिव्यक्ति है जो उसके कार्यों द्वारा मापी जाती है तथा किसी आयु विशेष में उसकी अपेक्षा होती है।" किसी भी शिशु की बौद्धिक आयु और यथार्थ आयु में निश्चित सम्बन्ध नहीं होता है। उदाहरण के लिए 10 वर्ष की बौद्धिक s*pi*g * 7 वर्ष के वास्तविक आयु के शिशु की भी हो सकती है। मनोवैज्ञानिक बिने (Binet) ने बौद्धिक आयु का पता लगाने के लिए अनेक प्रश्नावली सूचियाँ बनाई है। उसमें एक समान आयु के 1,000 बालकों का परीक्षण किया गया जिनमें 60% बालकों ने प्रश्नों को हल कर लिया। उसमें 6 या 7 प्रश्नों को लेकर एक अलग सूची तैयार की गयी, जो शिशु जिस आयु वर्ग के प्रश्नों को हल कर लेता है, वहीं उसकी बौद्धिक आयु हो जायेगी। यदि बालक 7 वर्ष का है और 8 वर्ष की आयु के लिए निर्धारित प्रश्नों को हल कर लेता है तो उस वर्ष की आयु के बालक की बौद्धिक आयु 8 वर्ष होगी।

क्या बुद्धि लब्धि अडिग है (Is IQ. Constant)- मनोवैज्ञानिकों के समक्ष यह प्रश्न बना रहा कि बुद्धि-लब्धि अडिग है अथवा घट-बढ़ जाती है। कुछ अच्छी शैक्षिक परिस्थितियाँ धनात्मक (Positive) रूप में बुद्धि-लब्धि को प्रभावित कर बढ़ा सकती हैं। बुद्धि-लब्धि को प्रभावित करने का एक स्रोत वातावरण भी है। मनोवैज्ञानिक हारजाइक (Horzike) तथा फ्रीमैन (Freeman) ने यह पाया कि योग्यताओं के विकास की गति में अन्तर होता है। उपरोक्त विद्वानों के अनुसार यह स्पष्ट हो जाता है कि बुद्धि-लब्धि में परिवर्तन हो सकता है। कुछ मनोवैज्ञानिकों ने कुछ अध्ययन किये हैं जो कि निम्नवत् है-

(i) टर्मन ने यह पता लगाया कि Hall of Fame के 62 सदस्यों में 2216% 643 प्रतिभावान बालकों से सम्बन्धित थे।
(ii) आरनोल्ड गैसल के अनुसार बुद्धि पर वंशानुक्रम का प्रभाव होता है।
(ii) गाल्टन ने 97 व्यक्तियों का अध्ययन किया और पाया कि बुद्धि-लब्धि पर वंशानुक्रम तथा पर्यावरण दोनों का प्रभाव होता है।
Share:

व्यक्तिगत और सामूहिक परीक्षणों में अन्तर (DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP TEST)| Most asked question regarding psychology on google| Know more about psychology| Dr manju antil| wellnessnetic care| psychologist manju antil

व्यक्तिगत और सामूहिक परीक्षणों में अन्तर (DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP TEST)
 व्यक्तिगत एवं सामूहिक परीक्षणों के अन्तर को स्पष्ट करना अत्यन्त आवश्यक है। इनका स्पष्टीकरण नम्नलिखित बिन्दुओं द्वारा किया जा रहा है-

व्यक्तिगत बुद्धि परीक्षण
1. इस परीक्षण का आयोजन करने में श्रम एवं समय अधिक लगता है।
2. इसमें विद्यार्थी को अत्यधिक सजगता के साथ परीक्षण देना होता है क्योंकि इसमें विद्यार्थी पर विशेष ध्यान दिया जाता है।
3. इस परीक्षण का परिणाम विश्वसनीय होने के साथ-साथ शुद्ध भी होता है।
4. ये परीक्षण कम आयु के बच्चों के लिए सर्वश्रेष्ठ
5. इस परीक्षण में छात्र के गुण एवं दोष का नजदीक
से अध्ययन करना सम्भव होता है।
6. इस पद्धति में परीक्षक का प्रशिक्षित होना अत्यधिक आवश्यक है।
7. इसमें प्रश्नावली को प्रभावशाली रूप से तैयार करना होता है।
8. इनमें प्रयोगकर्ता तथा छात्र का सीधा सम्बन्ध होने के कारण उनमें घनिष्ठता अत्यधिक होती है।

सामूहिक बुद्धि परीक्षण
1. सामूहिक परीक्षण में पूरे समूह का परीक्षण एक साथ किया जाता है। 2. सामूहिक परीक्षण होने के कारण कभी-कभी बालक इसके प्रति सजग नहीं होते हैं।
3. इन परीक्षणों का परिणाम अपेक्षाकृत कम विश्वसनीय होता है।
4. ये परीक्षण कम आयु के बच्चों के लिए जटिल होते हैं।
5. इस परीक्षण में सामान्य तौर पर विशेषताओं का अध्ययन किया जाता है।
6. इस परीक्षण में परीक्षक का प्रशिक्षित होना अनिवार्य नहीं है।
7. इस पद्धति का स्वरूप सामूहिक होता है अतः इसको
प्रभावशाली रूप से तैयार करना अनिवार्य नहीं होता है। 8. इस परीक्षण में प्रयोगकर्ता तथा छात्र का सम्बन्ध न होकर पूरे समूह के साथ होने के कारण घनिष्ठता नहीं होती है।



wellness by farah,psychology,psychology lectures,psychology lessons,psychometric testing,individual versus group test,individual test definition,group test definition,examples of individual and group tests in psychology,psychological testing,types of tests in psychology,wisc,wppsc,wais,wechsler intelligence scale,wechsler scale,wechsler iq,iq formula,wechsler 3 scales,types of wechsler scales,11 test used by wechsler
Share:

बुद्धि परीक्षण के प्रकार| (KINDS OF INTELLIGENCE TEST)| Most asked question regarding psychology on google| Know more about psychology| Dr manju antil| wellnessnetic care| psychologist manju antil

बुद्धि परीक्षण के प्रकार| (KINDS OF INTELLIGENCE TEST)

मनोविज्ञान में व्यक्ति की विभिन्नताओं एवं योग्यताओं का अध्ययन किया जाता है। बुद्धि मापन के लिए भी बुद्धि परीक्षाओं (Intelligence Tests) आदि की सुविधाएँ भी मनोवैज्ञानिकों द्वारा प्रदान की गई हैं। शिक्षा की विभिन्न समस्याएँ जिनका सम्बन्ध बालक की बुद्धि से होता है इन्हें परीक्षणों द्वारा हल किया जा सकता है। अतः बुद्धि परीक्षणों का अपना एक औचित्य है।

बुद्धि परीक्षणों का संक्षिप्त वर्णन (Brief History of Intelligence Tests) - बुद्धि की मापन विधियों को समझने से पहले यह जान लेना आवश्यक है कि इसके सम्बन्ध में मनोवैज्ञानिकों द्वारा प्रारम्भिक काल में कौन-कौन सी प्रयोगशालाएँ स्थापित की गयीं या इसका क्या इतिहास रहा है। 1838 में ऐस्किवरल नामक चिकित्सक ने मन्द बुद्धि लोगों की अनेक श्रेणियों में व्याख्या की। 1879 ई. में जर्मन के प्रसिद्ध मनोवैज्ञानिक वुण्ट ने प्रथम प्रयोगशाला स्थापित की। इसमें बुद्धि का मापन कार्य यन्त्रों की सहायता से किया जाता था। गाल्टन ने 1882 में लन्दन में मानवीय विशेषताओं का अध्ययन करने के लिए एक प्रयोगशाला का निर्माण किया।

बुद्धि परीक्षाओं के प्रकार- अध्ययन की सुविधा के लिए बुद्धि परीक्षाओं को दो भागों में विभाजित किया जा सकता है- (क) वैयक्तिक परीक्षण तथा (ख) सामूहिक परीक्षण एकांशों के स्वरूप (Nature of Items) के आधार पर इसे अन्य दो वर्गों में बाँटा जा सकता है- (1) शाब्दिक परीक्षण तथा (2) अशाब्दिक परीक्षण। इन सभी प्रकारों की व्याख्या निम्न प्रकार से की गयी है-

(1) शाब्दिक बुद्धि परीक्षण (Verbal Intelligence Test) - जो परीक्षण भाषा अथवा शब्दों द्वारा किये जाते हैं उन्हें शाब्दिक परीक्षण कहा जाता है। इन परीक्षणों में परीक्षक परीक्षार्थी से अनेक प्रश्न पूछता है जिनका उत्तर शब्दों के माध्यम से दिया जाता है। अतः इनको वाचिक परीक्षण भी कहा जाता है। शाब्दिक परीक्षण भी दो प्रकार से किये जाते हैं-

(i) शाब्दिक व्यक्ति बुद्धि परीक्षण,
(ii) शाब्दिक समूह बुद्धि परीक्षण।

 (i) शाब्दिक बुद्धि परीक्षण (Verbal Individual Intelligence Test) - ये परीक्षण कुछ विशेष व्यक्तियों पर किये जाते हैं। किसी एक व्यक्ति से भिन्न-भिन्न प्रकार के प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं। जटिल प्रश्नों के स्तर का निर्धारण आयु के दृष्टिकोण से किया जाता है। कम आयु के बच्चों से सरल प्रश्न तथा बड़ी आयु के व्यक्तियों से कुछ कठिन प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं जिन प्रश्नों का उत्तर उन्हें शब्दों द्वारा देना होता है।

(ii) शाब्दिक समूह बुद्धि परीक्षण (Verbal Group Intelligence Test) - ऐसे परीक्षणों का प्रयोग व्यक्तियों के पूरे समूह पर किया जाता है। पूरे समूह के व्यक्तियों के बुद्धि परीक्षण के लिए कुछ प्रश्न अथवा तैयार कर लिये जाते इन प्रश्नों को सभी सदस्यों को एक साथ दे दिया जाता है और उन्हें इन प्रश्नों को हल करना होता है, ये सभी प्रश्न भाषागत होते हैं और इन प्रश्नों के उत्तर भी भाषागत होते हैं। अतः यह कहा जा है कि ये परीक्षण बोलकर नहीं किये जा सकते। इनका परिणाम जानने के लिए कभी-कभी कम्प्यूटर, यो प्रयोग में लाये जाते हैं जिससे समय एवं श्रम दोनों की बचत होती है। आर्मी अल्फा टैस्ट इसी प्रकार का बुद्धि परीक्षण है।

(2) अशाब्दिक बुद्धि परीक्षण (Non Verbal Intelligence Test)-इन परीक्षणों में भाषा के प्रयोग के स्थान पर क्रियाओं का प्रयोग किया जाता है, अत: इसे क्रियात्मक परीक्षण भी कहते हैं। इनमें प्रयोज्य के सामने कुछ विशेष वस्तुएँ प्रस्तुत की जाती हैं। इन प्रयोज्यों से कुछ इधर-उधर घुमाकर दी गई समस्या के समाधान के आधार पर प्रश्न करके प्रयोज्यों की भिन्न-भिन्न प्रकार की क्रियाओं द्वारा इन परीक्षणों से बुद्धि स्तर का मापन किया जाता है। ऐसे परीक्षण उन व्यक्तियों के बुद्धि के स्तर को मापने के लिये किये जाते हैं जो भाषा का प्रयोग करने में असमर्थ हों। इन्हें दो भागों में बाँटा जा सकता है-

(i) अशाब्दिक व्यक्ति बुद्धि परीक्षण, (ii) अशाब्दिक समूह बुद्धि परीक्षण।

(i) अशाब्दिक व्यक्ति बुद्धि परीक्षण (Non Verbal Individual Intelligence Test)- यह परीक्षण व्यक्ति के बुद्धि स्तर की जाँच के लिए किये जाते हैं। इसमें व्यक्ति से यान्त्रिक कार्य कराकर अथवा किसी अन्य क्रिया के द्वारा व्यक्ति के बुद्धि स्तर का मापन किया जाता है। फलतः इसमें व्यक्ति को दी गई क्रिया में सफलता अथवा असफलता के आनुपातिक योग के आधार पर उसकी बुद्धि को मापा जाता है।

(ii) अशाब्दिक समूह बुद्धि परीक्षण (Non Verbal Group Intelligence Test)- इस परीक्षण को पूरे समूह पर एक साथ किया जाता है। किसी एक समूह को कोई क्रियात्मक कार्य दे दिया जाता है जो उन्हें पूरा करना होता है। दी गई क्रिया के सम्पादन के आधार पर उनका बौद्धिक परीक्षण किया जाता है।

निष्कर्ष यह निकलता है कि समस्त बुद्धि परीक्षण दो प्रकार से किये जाते हैं- एक व्यक्ति के ऊपर तथा दूसरे समूह के ऊपर।


9 types of intelligence,intelligence,types of intelligence,intelligent,intelligent person,are you intelligent,multiple intelligences,intelligence in psychology,musical intelligence,linguistic intelligence,existential intelligence,interpersonal intelligence,naturalistic intelligence,multiple intelligence test,intrapersonal intelligence,intelligence quiz,intelligent people,iq test,psych2go,test,quiz,personality test,1 million tests,pick one
Share:

The Birth of the IQ| what is IQ| history of IQ| Most asked question regarding psychology on google| Most asked question regarding psychology on google| Know more about psychology| Dr manju antil| wellnessnetic care| psychologist manju antil


Binet revised, expanded, and refined his first scale in 1908 and 1911. Its scoring developed into a system in which credit for items passed was given in terms of years and months so that a mental level could be calculated to represent the quality of the performance. In 1911, a German psychologist named William Stern proposed that the mental level attained on the Binet-Simon scale, now labelled a "mental age score," be divided by the subject's chronological age to obtain a "mental quotient" that would more accurately represent ability at different ages. To eliminate the decimal, the mental quotient was multiplied by 100 and soon became known as the intelligence quotient or IQ. 

This now-familiar score, a true ratio IQ was popularized in the most famous revision of the Binet-Simon scale, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, published in 1916 by Lewis Terman. Despite several problems with the ratio IQ, its use would last for several decades until a better way of integrating age into the scoring of intelligence tests (described in Chapter 3) was devised by David Wechsler (Kaufman, 2000; Wechsler, 1939). Binet’s basic idea—namely, that to be average, below average, or above average in intelligence means that one performs at, below, or above the level typical for one’s age group on intelligence tests—has survived and become one of the primary ways in which intelligence is assessed. 

While Binet was developing his scales in France, in England, Charles Spearman (a former student of Wundt’s and follower of Galton) had been trying to empirically prove that hypothesis concerning the link between intelligence and sensory acuity. In the process, he developed and expanded the use of correlational methods pioneered by Galton and Karl Pearson and provided the conceptual foundation for factor analysis, a technique for reducing a large number of variables to a smaller set of factors that would become central to the advancement of testing and trait theory. 

Spearman also devised a theory of intelligence that emphasized a general intelligence factor (or g) present in all intellectual activities (Spearman, 1904a, 1904b). He had been able to gather moderate support for Galton’s notions by correlating teachers’ ratings and grades with measures of sensory acuity, but he soon realized that the tasks assembled in the Binet-Simon scale provided a far more useful and reliable way of assessing intelligence than the tools he had been using. Even though Spearman and Binet differed widely in their views about the nature of intelligence, their combined contributions were unsurpassed in propelling the development of psychological testing in the 20th century.

Share:

HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING| WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING| Most asked question regarding psychology on google| Know more about psychology| Dr manju antil


As tools for making decisions about people. It is no coincidence that psychological tests as we know them today came into being in the early part of the 20th century. Prior to the rise of urban, industrial, and democratic societies, there was little need for most people to make decisions about others outside of those in their immediate families or close circle of acquaintances. In rural, agrarian, autocratic societies, major life decisions about individuals were largely made by parents, mentors, rulers, and, above all, by the gender, class, place, and circumstances into which they were born. Nonetheless, well before the 20th century, there were several interesting precursors to modern psychological testing within various cultures and contexts.

Antecedents of Modern Testing in the Occupational Realm

A perennial problem in any field of employment is how to select the best possible people for a given job. The oldest known precursors of psychological testing are found precisely in this area, within the competitive examinations developed in the ancient Chinese empire to select meritorious individuals for government positions. This forerunner of modern personnel selection procedures dates back to approximately 200 B.C.E. and underwent several transformations in its long history (Bowman, 1989). The Chinese civil service examinations encompassed demonstrations of proficiency in music, archery, and horsemanship, among other things, as well as written exams in law, agriculture, and geography. The impetus for the development of this enlightened system of human resource utilization—open to any individual who was recommended to the emperor by local authorities throughout the empire—was the fact that China did not have the sort of hereditary ruling classes that were common in Europe until the 20th century. The Chinese imperial examination system ended in 1905 and was replaced with selection based on university studies. In the meantime, however, that system served as an inspiration for the civil service exams developed in Britain in the 1850s, which, in turn, stimulated the creation of the U.S. Civil Service Examination in the 1860s (DuBois, 1970).

Antecedents of Modern Testing in the Field of Education

One of the most basic questions in any educational setting is how to ascertain that students have acquired the knowledge or expertise their teachers try to instil in them. Thus, it is not surprising that the earliest use of testing within education occurred during the Middle Ages with the rise of the first universities in Europe in the 13th century. At about that time, university degrees came to be used to certify eligibility to teach, and formal oral examinations were devised to give candidates for degrees an opportunity to demonstrate their competence (DuBois, 1970). Little by little, examinations spread to the secondary level of education. As paper became cheaper and more available, written examinations replaced oral exams in most educational settings. By the late 19th century, in Europe and the United States, examinations were a well-established method of determining who should be awarded university degrees and who could exercise a profession, such as medicine or law.

Antecedents of Modern Testing in Clinical Psychology

Another fundamental human question that can be addressed through psychological testing is the problem of differentiating the “normal” from the “abnormal” within the intellectual, emotional, and behavioural arenas. However, in contrast to the occupational or educational contexts where the bases on which decisions are made have traditionally been fairly clear, the realm of psychopathology remained shrouded in mystery and mysticism for a much longer period. Several antecedents of psychological tests stem from the field of psychiatry (Bondy, 1974). Many of these early tests were developed in Germany in the second half of the 19th century, although some date from the early part of that century and stemmed from France. Almost invariably, these instruments were devised for the express purpose of assessing the level of cognitive functioning of patients with various kinds of disorders, such as mental retardation or brain damage. Among the behaviour samples used in these early tests were questions concerning the meaning of proverbs, the differences or similarities between pairs of words, and memory tasks such as the oral repetition of digit series. Many of the techniques developed in the 19th century were ingenious and survived to be incorporated into modern tests still in wide use (see McReynolds, 1986). Despite their cleverness, developers of the early forerunners of clinical tests were handicapped by at least two factors. One was the dearth of knowledge concerning psychopathology and the abundance of superstitions and misconceptions. In this regard, for instance, the distinction between psychosis and mental retardation was not even clearly formulated until 1838, when the French psychiatrist Esquirol suggested that the ability to use language is the most dependable. The criterion for establishing a person’s mental functioning A second factor preventing the widespread dissemination and use of early psychiatric tests was their lack of standardization in terms of procedures or a uniform frame of reference against which to interpret results. To a large extent, the techniques developed by 19th-century neurologists and psychiatrists like Guislain, Snell, von Grashey, Rieger, and others were devised to examine a specific patient or patient population. These behaviour samples were collected unsystematically and interpreted by clinicians based on their professional judgment rather than normative data (Bondy, 1974). A significant breakthrough was achieved in psychiatry during the 1890s when Emil Kraepelin set out to classify mental disorders according to their causes, symptoms, and courses. Kraepelin wanted to bring the scientific method to bear on psychiatry and was instrumental in delineating the clinical picture of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, which—at the time—were known respectively as dementia praecox and manic-depressive psychosis. He proposed a system for comparing sane and insane individuals based on characteristics such as distractibility, sensitivity, and memory capacity. He even pioneered the free association technique with psychiatric patients. Although some of Kraepelin’s students devised a battery of tests and continued to pursue the goals he had set out, the results of their work were not as fruitful as they had hoped (DuBois, 1970). 

Share:

Book your appointment with Dr Manju Antil

Popular Posts

SUBSCRIBE AND GET LATEST UPDATES

get this widget

Search This Blog

Popular Posts

Translate

Featured post

what is impostor syndrome? Experiencing Impostor Syndrome? Dr Manju Antil| Wellnessnetic care

Impostor syndrome refers to a psychological pattern where an individual doubts their accomplishments and has a persistent fear o...

Most Trending