What are Bipolar and related disorders| Causes of Bipolar and related disorders| Type of Bipolar and related disorders| Treatments for Bipolar and related disorders

Dr. Manju Antil, PhDMarch 29, 2023Bipolar and related disorders No comments

Bipolar and related disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by extreme shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. The most common of these disorders is bipolar disorder, which is marked by episodes of mania (elevated, irritable or euphoric mood) and depression.

Other related disorders include cyclothymic disorder (a milder form of bipolar disorder), bipolar and related disorder due to another medical condition (where the bipolar-like symptoms are caused by another medical condition), and substance/medication-induced bipolar and related disorder (where the bipolar-like symptoms are caused by substance abuse or medication side effects).

The exact causes of bipolar and related disorders are not fully understood, but genetics, brain chemistry, and environmental factors are believed to play a role. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication (such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics) and psychotherapy (such as cognitive-behavioural therapy and interpersonal therapy).

Causes of Bipolar and related disorders

Bipolar and related disorders are complex and multifactorial, and their exact causes are not fully understood. However, research has identified several factors that may contribute to the development of these disorders, including:

1. Genetics: Bipolar disorder tends to run in families, suggesting that there may be a genetic component. Several genes have been identified that may be associated with bipolar disorder, but no single gene has been definitively linked to the disorder.

2. Brain chemistry and structure: Studies have shown that people with bipolar disorder have imbalances in the levels of certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, which are involved in mood regulation. Additionally, brain imaging studies have revealed structural and functional differences in the brains of people with bipolar disorder.

3. Environmental factors: Stressful life events, such as trauma, loss, or major life changes, can trigger the onset of bipolar disorder in some people. Substance abuse and sleep disturbances have also been linked to bipolar disorder.

4. Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders and multiple sclerosis, have been associated with an increased risk of bipolar disorder.

Overall, it is likely that bipolar and related disorders result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors, and more research is needed to fully understand the causes of these disorders.

Type of Bipolar and related disorders

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. There are several types of bipolar disorder and related disorders, including:

1. Bipolar I Disorder: This is the most severe type of bipolar disorder, characterized by manic episodes that last at least seven days or by manic symptoms that are so severe that the individual needs immediate hospitalization.

2. Bipolar II Disorder: This type of bipolar disorder is characterized by depressive episodes that alternate with hypomanic episodes. Hypomanic episodes are less severe than manic episodes and do not usually require hospitalization.

3. Cyclothymic Disorder: This is a milder form of bipolar disorder, characterized by recurrent hypomanic and depressive symptoms that last for at least two years.

4. Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders: This category includes disorders that do not fit into the other three categories, such as bipolar disorder caused by a medical condition or medication.

5. Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and Related Disorder: This type of bipolar disorder is caused by substance abuse or medication use.

6. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder: This disorder is characterized by severe and frequent temper outbursts and persistent irritability, and is usually diagnosed in children and adolescents.

7. Schizoaffective Disorder: This is a mental health condition that includes symptoms of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

It is important to note that bipolar disorder can be difficult to diagnose and requires a comprehensive evaluation by a mental health professional.

Treatments for Bipolar and related disorders

Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that causes extreme mood swings that can range from manic highs to depressive lows. Treatment for bipolar disorder typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Here are some common treatments for bipolar and related disorders:

1. Medication: Mood stabilizers, such as lithium, valproic acid, and carbamazepine, are often prescribed to treat bipolar disorder. Antipsychotic medications may also be used to help control manic symptoms, while antidepressants may be prescribed for depressive episodes.

2. Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can be effective in treating bipolar disorder. CBT helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that may contribute to their symptoms. Family-focused therapy and interpersonal and social rhythm therapy may also be used to help individuals manage their bipolar disorder.

3. Lifestyle changes: Healthy lifestyle changes can help individuals with bipolar disorder manage their symptoms. This may include getting enough sleep, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly. Avoiding drugs and alcohol is also important, as substance abuse can exacerbate symptoms.

4. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): ECT is a procedure that involves sending an electrical current through the brain to induce a seizure. It is typically used to treat severe depression and mania that do not respond to medication or psychotherapy.

5. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): TMS is a non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain. It is effective in treating depression and is being studied as a potential treatment for bipolar disorder.

It is important to note that treatment for bipolar disorder is often a long-term process that may involve trial and error to find the right combination of medication and therapy. Individuals with bipolar disorder should work closely with their healthcare providers to develop an individualized treatment plan.

What are Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders| What causes Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders|

Dr. Manju Antil, PhDMarch 28, 2023Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders No comments

Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by disruptions in a person's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. These disorders can have a significant impact on a person's ability to function in their daily life.

The disorders that fall under the schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders include:

Schizophrenia: This is the most well-known disorder in this group, characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and abnormal behavior.

Schizotypal personality disorder: This disorder is characterized by social and interpersonal deficits, as well as odd beliefs, behaviors, and perceptions.

Schizoaffective disorder: This disorder includes symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder, such as depression or bipolar disorder.

Delusional disorder: This disorder is characterized by a fixed belief that is not based in reality, such as the belief that one is being followed or spied on.

Brief psychotic disorder: This disorder is characterized by a sudden onset of psychotic symptoms, which usually last less than a month.

Substance-induced psychotic disorder: This disorder is characterized by the presence of psychotic symptoms due to the use of drugs, such as hallucinogens or amphetamines.

Psychotic disorder due to another medical condition: This disorder is characterized by the presence of psychotic symptoms due to a medical condition, such as a brain tumor or a neurological disorder.

The symptoms of these disorders can vary from person to person and may include delusions, hallucinations, disordered thinking and speech, disorganized behavior, lack of motivation, and social withdrawal. Treatment usually involves a combination of medication and psychotherapy, and early intervention can improve outcomes.

What causes Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

The causes of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders are complex and multifactorial, and the exact underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. However, researchers believe that a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors may play a role.

Genetic factors are believed to contribute to the development of these disorders, as there is a higher incidence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders among individuals who have a family history of the disorder. Several genes have been identified that may increase the risk of developing these disorders.

Environmental factors, such as exposure to certain viruses during pregnancy or early childhood, substance abuse, and stress, may also increase the risk of developing schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.

Neurobiological factors, such as imbalances in certain neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine and glutamate), abnormalities in brain structure and function, and inflammation, may also contribute to the development of these disorders.

It is important to note that while these factors may increase the risk of developing schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, not everyone with these risk factors will develop the disorders, and other factors may also be involved in the development of the disorders.

Treatment Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

The treatment of schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders typically involves a combination of medication and psychosocial interventions. The specific approach will depend on the severity of symptoms, the individual's needs and preferences, and the expertise of the treating healthcare team.

Medication:

Antipsychotic medications are the cornerstone of treatment for schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. These medications are designed to help manage symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and disordered thinking. There are two types of antipsychotic medications: first-generation (typical) antipsychotics and second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics are generally preferred due to fewer side effects. The choice of medication will depend on the individual's symptoms, overall health, and other factors.

Psychosocial interventions: Psychosocial interventions can help individuals with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders manage their symptoms, improve their quality of life, and increase their social functioning. These interventions may include:

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): A type of talk therapy that helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors.

Family therapy: Involving family members in treatment can help improve communication, provide support, and reduce stress within the family.

Social skills training: Learning and practicing social skills can help individuals with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders improve their ability to interact with others.

Supported Employment: Employment support programs can help individuals with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders find and maintain employment.

Medication management: Regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare professional can help ensure that individuals are taking their medications as prescribed and that any side effects are being managed.

It's important to note that treatment for schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders is often long-term, and may require ongoing management to manage symptoms and maintain stability.

Feeling like the spark is gone in your relationship? psychologist advice for relationship issues| Dr Manju Antil

Dr. Manju Antil, PhDMarch 28, 2023Relationship Advice, Trending Topic No comments

Rekindling a Relationship

Feeling like the spark is gone in your relationship? if you're feeling like the spark is gone in your relationship, there are several things you can do to try and reignite the passion and connection between you and your partner:

Communicate openly: Talk to your partner about how you're feeling and what you would like to see happen in your relationship. Be honest and clear about your needs and desires
Make time for each other: Sometimes, the everyday routines of life can get in the way of spending quality time together. Try to schedule regular date nights or activities that you can enjoy together.
Be affectionate: Small acts of affection can go a long way in maintaining intimacy and connection in a relationship. This can include holding hands, cuddling, kissing, or simply saying "I love you."
Try something new: Trying new activities or experiences together can be a great way to reignite the spark in your relationship. This could be anything from taking a dance class to planning a weekend getaway
Seek professional help: If you're having difficulty reconnecting with your partner, consider seeking the help of a relationship counselor or therapist. A professional can help you identify the underlying issues in your relationship and work on strategies to overcome them.

Remember, relationships take work and effort to maintain. By taking proactive steps to reignite the spark, you can strengthen your connection and build a more fulfilling relationship with your partner.

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What is Neurodevelopmental disorders| Treatment of Neurodevelopmental disorders| Causes of neurodevelopmental disorders| Dr manju antil| clinical psychology| psychology dictionary

Dr. Manju Antil, PhDMarch 26, 2023Clinical Psychology, Neurodevelopmental disorders No comments

Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of conditions that affect the development and function of the brain and nervous system. These disorders typically manifest during early childhood and can cause significant difficulties with communication, social interaction, behavior, and cognitive skills.

Some examples of neurodevelopmental disorders include:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD): A condition that affects social interaction, communication, and behavior.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A disorder that causes hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulty with attention and focus.

Intellectual disability: A condition characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.

Specific learning disorders: A group of disorders that affect reading, writing, or math skills

Motor disorders: Conditions that affect movement and coordination, such as cerebral palsy.

Communication disorders: Conditions that affect speech and language development, such as stuttering or language disorders. Neurodevelopmental disorders can have a significant impact on an individual's daily functioning and quality of life. Treatment for these disorders may involve a combination of medication, therapy, and supportive services to help individuals manage their symptoms and achieve their full potential.

Causes of neurodevelopmental disorders

Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of conditions that affect the development and function of the nervous system. These disorders can have various causes, including genetic and environmental factors. Some common causes of neurodevelopmental disorders include:

Genetic mutations: Some neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Down syndrome, are caused by genetic mutations.

Prenatal exposure to toxins: Exposure to toxins such as lead, mercury, and alcohol during pregnancy can increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Premature birth: Babies born prematurely are at an increased risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders.

Infections: Certain infections during pregnancy, such as rubella, can increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Brain injuries: Traumatic brain injuries and other types of brain damage can result in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Nutritional deficiencies: A lack of certain nutrients during pregnancy or early childhood can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders.

Abnormal brain development: Some neurodevelopmental disorders are caused by abnormal brain development during fetal or early childhood development.

It is important to note that the causes of neurodevelopmental disorders are often complex and multifactorial, and may involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Treatment of Neurodevelopmental disorders

The treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders typically involves a combination of medication, therapy, and support services, tailored to the specific needs of the individual.

Medication may be prescribed to manage symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggression, anxiety, and depression. For example, stimulants such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamines (Adderall) may be used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), while antipsychotic medication may be used to treat aggression and irritability associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Therapy may involve a variety of approaches, such as behavioral therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy. Behavioral therapy can help individuals learn new skills and behaviors, while cognitive-behavioral therapy can help them manage negative thoughts and emotions. Occupational therapy can help individuals improve their ability to perform daily tasks, while speech therapy can help them improve their communication skills.

Support services may include educational interventions, such as specialized education programs, and social services, such as assistance with housing, employment, and transportation. Family support and counseling can also be helpful in addressing the challenges and stressors associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

It is important to note that the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders is highly individualized and may require ongoing adjustments and modifications based on the individual's response to treatment. A comprehensive, coordinated approach involving a team of healthcare professionals is often necessary to provide the best possible outcomes for individuals with these conditions.

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How to find out a compatible partner| signs you are not compatible with that person| who to date| Dr manju antil| Psychologist advice| best relationship advice

Dr. Manju Antil, PhDMarch 21, 2023Counseling Psychology, Human Behaviour, Mind and Cognitive Processes, Relationship Advice No comments

Greeting everyone in this piece let's deep dive into relationship issues, let's get to know DATE PEOPLE WHO...

1. Date people who don't keep you waiting by the phone.

No response, slow responses, confusing responses, and other questionable communications are communication. Before jumping to conclusions promptly and inquire. If you're still left with unanswered questions and confusion, chances are it's time to reassess and potentially disengage.

2. Date people who make time for you, prioritize your relationship and show up.

When a partner makes time for you and shows up consistently, it can create a sense of safety, trust, and emotional security in the relationship. If a partner does not prioritize the relationship, it can lead to feelings of neglect, resentment, and disappointment. This can ultimately lead to a breakdown in communication, trust, and intimacy

3. Date people who are adaptable, willing to compromise, work through differences together, and know how to apologize.

A lack of flexibility, rigidity, and intolerance will present several unsolvable conflicts that will likely drive you crazy. This is a red flag. can act as obstacles to building intimacy and may lead to issues in the future.

4. Date people who don't require a non-reciprocal chase.

If you're the one always texting, engaging, or making plans without the other reciprocating it's time to pause. There is no way this is a dynamic that brings positivity or contentment into your life. If anything it touches upon a wound that likely triggers and keeps you on a hamster wheel that lowers your self-worth.

5. Date people who welcome all conversations about the relationship.

Have conversations to define the relationship. Be vulnerable and seek connection. Ask for specific needs to be met. The ability to process relational challenges, needs, and desires is a crucial aspect of intimacy and relational strength.

6. Date people who are interested in self-awareness, have a growth-oriented mindset, and are open to learning new things.

When both partners are invested in self-improvement and personal growth, they are better equipped to navigate challenges, communicate effectively, and build trust and intimacy.

Pay attention to your feelings. If you’re anxious, confused, and constantly analyzing the other person - it’s a big problem. By contrast, if you have fun when together, have a reasonable flow of communication, and aren’t constantly worried about when you’re going to see their next move forward. No relationship at the beginning dating stages should be painful.

Read this: Communicating Your Needs To Your Partner When You Have Trauma Sounds Like

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Why People With Depression Are Addicted To Social Media| Dr Manju antil। Wellnessnetic Care। psychologist Manju Antil। psychologist talk। depression

Dr. Manju Antil, PhDMarch 18, 2023Depressive disorder No comments

⁠

Here's a post about why people with depression have a tendency to be addicted to social media.⁠ Of course, not all depressed people do this, but I've found this to be very common in my research and talking to folks with depression.⁠ let's discuss some points here, why person with depression doing it

1. The dopamine hits from social media are one of the few things that actually make them feel something

2. They're lonely and want to see what other people are up to

3. Seeing others having fun makes them sad, but they're addicted to that sadness

4. Social media is an easily available form of distraction from their painful and sad thoughts

5. They can relate to the content on social media including memes and mental health posts

When you are depressed, your ability to experience pleasure drops to rock bottom. That, to me, is the main signifier of depression, even more so than the waves of sadness that come with it. 😔⁠

A lot of people diss social media for being too distracting and affecting our attention span and dopamine receptors. This is true, but on the other hand, we do what we have to do to keep ourselves sane.

Don't feel bad for using social media as a crutch to keep yourself going if you have depression, but make sure to find other healthy coping mechanisms at the same time.

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So, when your ability to experience joy is gone, social media, with its easily accessible hits of dopamine, seems like a godsend.⁠

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Scrolling through Instagram, looking at posts and reels gives you that anticipation and excitement that life doesn't really give anymore. 📱⁠

⁠

Now, of course if you rely on social media exclusively, that is a problem and it is unhealthy. But in my opinion, taking that away from people without giving them an alternative can feel extremely draining and adds to their weight on top of what depression already feels like.⁠

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Feel free to use social media to keep you going for sure, but in the meantime find other small wins that you can manage to help get you out of depression in long term. 🙌⁠

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#mentalhealthhelp #mentalhealthadvice #mentalhealthfirstaid staid #selfcareishealthcare #mentalhealthisimportant #mentalhealthishealth #mentalhealthcounselor #mentalhealthblogger #mentalhealthadvocacy #mentalhealthissues #depressionsupport #depressionrelief #depressionkills #depressionandanxiety #depressionsurvivor #depressionwarrior #bipolardepression #depressionfighter #mentalillnessrecovery #mentalillnessfeelslike #mentalillnessawareness

The Worst Parts About Depression According To Those Who Have It| describe depression| Dr Manju antil| Wellnessnetic Care

Dr Manju AntilMarch 06, 2023Clinical Psychology, Counseling Psychology, Depressive disorder, Psychology Jobs, Psychology Today, Trending Topic, UGC Net Psychology 1 comment

Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Also called major depressive disorder or clinical depression, it affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems. Depression results from a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. People who have gone through adverse life events (unemployment, bereavement, traumatic events) are more likely to develop depression.

In this article let get to know, The Worst Parts About Depression According To Those Who Have It.

1. "What I hate most is how people say that I am 'lazy', but lazy people skip work to do things they enjoy. I can't even enjoy the things that I used to enjoy."

2. "As a depressed introvert, what I hate most is how I don't want to talk to people...but I also don't want to be lonely."

3. "As someone who used to be bubbly and energetic, probably the worst part for me is seeing how different I am now -- sad and miserable -- compared to how I used to be."

4. "To me, depression is not wanting to die but wishing you were never born."

5. "For me, it's probably trying to gaslight yourself into thinking that you're not depressed, trying to do things that a 'normal' person can do, failing, accepting that you're depressed but then the cycle repeats all over again."

6. "Surprised no one has mentioned the physical symptoms yet. I'm like, permanently sick and tired which makes my bed all the more appealing."

7. "No one ever saw how tired I am. No one saw how hard I was trying. No one saw my depression. They only saw my flaws and the only thing they gave was judgment. I wish things like basic empathy were taught in schools more."

8. "This isn't very well known but there are communities of people out there who take pleasure in encouraging people to continue being depressed or even to take their own lives. It's really sick."

9. "Probably the guilt and the feeling of wasting your life when you lay in bed for hours and days. People just stop checking after a while."

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What is bipolar disorder? Describe mood disorder| Dr Manju Antil| Wellnessnetic Care

Dr. Manju Antil, PhDMarch 03, 2023Bipolar and related disorders No comments

Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that causes extreme swings in mood and energy. People with bipolar disorder experience episodes of mania, a high-energy state, and depression, a state of low energy. These episodes can last for days, weeks, or even months. In the worst cases, bipolar disorder can lead to suicide. Anyone can develop bipolar disorder, but it is more common in people who have a family history of the illness. If you are worried that you may have bipolar disorder, talk to your doctor. There is treatment available, and you can recover from bipolar disorder.

1. What is bipolar disorder?

Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder that affects a person's moods, energy, and behaviour. Symptoms can vary from person to person, but they often include episodes of mania and depression.

Bipolar disorder is a serious condition, and if left untreated, it can lead to serious problems such as suicide, relationship problems, and financial problems. If you're worried that you might have bipolar disorder, talk to your doctor. He or she can help you figure out if you have the condition and provide you with treatment.

2. Symptoms of bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that affects the brain's chemistry. It is a serious medical condition that can cause a wide range of symptoms, including mania (an intense, elevated mood) and depression (a feeling of sadness and hopelessness).

There is no one cause of the bipolar disorder, and it can occur in people of any age, but it is more common in people over the age of 25. It is also more common in people who have a family history of mental illness.

Some of the most common symptoms of bipolar disorder include:

1. A change in behaviour or mood that is out of the ordinary for the person

2. A change in sleep patterns, including difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep

3. A change in appetite, including an increase or decrease in food intake

4. Increased energy or activity levels that are not consistent with the person's usual behaviour

5. Extreme mood swings, including high and low emotions that are often out of control

6. Trouble concentrating, making decisions, or remembering things

7. Feelings of guilt, shame, or hopelessness

If you or someone you know is experiencing any of the symptoms listed above, please talk to your doctor. A diagnosis of bipolar disorder can be difficult to make, and it is important to receive a diagnosis from a qualified doctor who can help you treat your condition.

3. Causes of bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder is a mental illness characterized by extreme swings in mood, energy, and behavior. There is no single cause of bipolar disorder, but it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Bipolar disorder can be caused by a number of things, such as genetics, prenatal exposure to certain drugs, head injuries, and life events. Some people with bipolar disorder also have a history of bipolar disorder in their family.

It's important to get help if you're experiencing a bipolar disorder swing. You can talk to your doctor, therapist, or support group to get advice on how to manage your symptoms.

4. Treatment of the bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder that is characterized by severe fluctuations in mood, energy, and ability to think straight. It affects about 1.2% of the population, making it one of the most common mental illnesses.

There is no one-size-fits-all approach to treatment for bipolar disorder, but most people with the condition receive medication to stabilize their moods and prevent future episodes. People with bipolar disorder may also need therapy to help them understand and manage their symptoms.

Most people with bipolar disorder experience a range of symptoms, from mild to severe. Some people experience only one or two episodes of bipolar disorder, while others have several episodes that last for months or years.

5. Preventing bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that affects a person's moods, energy, and thoughts. It is a serious condition that requires treatment.

There are a few things you can do to help prevent bipolar disorder.

First, talk to your doctor about your mental health history. This will help them get a better understanding of your symptoms and help them prescribe the right treatment.

Second, keep your mental health in check. This means avoiding drugs and alcohol, staying healthy, and exercising regularly.

Third, get help if you need it. There are a number of resources available, including talk therapies, support groups, and medication.

Fourth, spread the word. If you know someone who might be affected by bipolar disorder, be open about it. It can help prevent the condition from spreading.

6. Living with bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that causes extreme swings in mood, energy, and behavior.

People with bipolar disorder experience episodes of mania, a state of abnormally elevated mood and energy, and depression, a state of abnormally low mood and energy.

Manic episodes can be very exciting and make you feel like the world is your oyster. You may have a lot of energy and be very productive. You may be hypersensitive to any criticism and feel like you can't bear to be alone. You may be excessively excited and have a lot of confidence.

Depressive episodes can be very depressing and make you feel like you can't do anything. You may have a lot of energy but it may be spent on useless things such as watching TV or sleeping. You may feel hopeless and lack motivation. You may have a decreased appetite and weight loss.

There is no single cause of bipolar disorder, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of genes and environment.

7. Coping with bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that affects 1 in every 100 people in the United States. It is characterized by extreme mood swings, which may include mania (a feeling of extreme happiness and energy) and depression (a feeling of extreme sadness and hopelessness).

There is no one-size-fits-all approach to coping with bipolar disorder, as each person experiences the illness and its symptoms differently. Some common ways to cope with bipolar disorder include talking to a therapist, using medication, and participating in therapy groups.

If you are experiencing bipolar disorder, it is important to get help from a doctor or therapist. There is no shame in needing help, and there is hope for a successful future with bipolar disorder treatment.

Bipolar disorder is an illness that affects the way a person thinks, feels, and behaves. It is a serious mental disorder that can seriously impact a person's life.

There is no one cause of bipolar disorder, but it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some people with bipolar disorder may also have a mental illness called schizoaffective disorder.

There is no easy answer when it comes to treating bipolar disorder, but treatments can greatly improve a person's quality of life. If you are someone who is concerned about someone you know, or if you are just learning more about bipolar disorder, it is important to seek out professional help. There are many resources available to you, and you should feel free to speak with your doctor or other healthcare professionals about bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a mental health disorder that causes drastic changes in mood, energy, activity, and sleep. It is also one of the most serious mental health conditions and can be very disabling. If you or someone you know is struggling with bipolar disorder, please know that there is help available. We hope this article has helped you better understand what bipolar disorder is and what you can do to help someone you love who is struggling with it.

Thank you for reading!

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Dictionary of Special Education Terms with alphabet A-B-C| Dr Manju Antil| Wellnessnetic Care| Psychology today

Dr. Manju Antil, PhDMarch 03, 2023Special Disabilities, UGC Net Psychology No comments

Below is a list of terms used in professional fields such as education, psychology, and medicine. Definitions of these terms are used when parents read reports, attend meetings, meetings and/or discussions with professionals who work with your child

Academic: Refers to subjects such as reading, writing, math, social studies, and science.

Access: A personal inspection and review of a record, an accurate copy of a record, an oral description of communication of a record or a request to release a copy of an educational record.

Accommodations: Techniques and materials that do not change the basic curriculum but do aid in learning and/or communication skills.

Advocacy: Recognizing and communicating needs, rights, and interests on behalf of a child; making informed choices.

Advocate: A person who represents and provides support to parents of children with disabilities.

Age of Majority: When a child turns eighteen, he/she is legally considered an adult, and is afforded all rights of being so.

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR): Alternative Dispute Resolution is an informal method of settling concerns or disagreements. It is a process that encourages all parties to problem-solve to reach a mutually beneficial agreement.

Annual Review: A scheduled meeting of the IEP team on at least an annual basis to review, revise, and update the IEP.

Appeal: An integral part of the due process and complaint procedures. If the party filing a complaint disagrees with the findings, the party may give input at the local board presentation of findings or request a review of the findings by the State Superintendent of Instruction. A parent or district that disagrees with a due process decision may appeal that decision through the court of appropriate jurisdiction.

Aptitude Test: A test that measures someone’s capacity, capability, or talent for learning something.

Assessment: A collecting and bringing together of information about a child’s needs which may include social, psychological, and educational evaluations used to determine services; a process using observation, testing, and test analysis to determine an individual’s strengths and weaknesses in order to plan his or her educational services.

Assessment/Evaluation: Assessment encompasses all those functions in the testing and diagnostic process leading up to the development of an appropriate, individualized educational program and placement for a child with exceptional needs. Assessment may include screening to identify potentially (i.e., high probability) handicapped children; the observation, testing, and diagnosis of those children to specifically identify each child’s handicapping condition(s) and the severity of the condition(s); interviews; and the definition of educational needs based on handicapping condition(s) and learning profile.

Assistive Technology: Any item, piece of equipment, or system that helps children with disabilities to bypass, work around or compensate for specific learning deficits.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD): A neurobehavioral disorder that causes an individual to be inattentive or hyperactive/impulsive or to display a combination of those symptoms. Attention Span: The extent to which a person can concentrate on a single task (sometimes measured in length of time).

Auditory Perception: How a person perceives or hears specific sounds.

Auditory Processing: The ability to understand and use information that is heard, both words as well as nonverbal sounds.

Autism: A disability characterized by severe language and communication deficits, lack of normal relatedness, unusual movement and self-stimulatory patterns, lack of normal handling of toys and other objects, and a lack of most normal functional skills.

Autistic-Like Behaviors: When a child exhibits any combination of the following autistic-like-behaviors: 1) an inability to use oral language for appropriate communication, 2) a history of extreme withdrawal or relating to people inappropriately, and continued impairment in social interaction from infancy through early childhood, 3) an obsession to maintain sameness, 4) extreme preoccupation with objects or inappropriate use of objects or both, 5) extreme resistance to controls, 6) displays peculiar motoric mannerisms and motility patterns, 7) self-stimulating, ritualistic behavior.

Behavioral Emergency: The demonstration of a serious behavior problem (1) which has not previously been observed and for which a behavioral intervention plan has not been developed; or (2) for which a previously designed behavioral intervention is not effective. Approved behavioral emergency procedures must be outlined in the special education local planning area (SELPA) local plan.

Behavioral Intervention: The systematic implementation of procedures that result in lasting positive changes in the individual’s behavior.

Behavioral Intervention Case Manager: A designated certificated school, district, or county staff member or other qualified personnel contracted by the school district or county office who has been trained in behavior analysis with an emphasis on positive behavioral interventions.

Behavioral Intervention Plan: A written document that is developed when an individual exhibits a serious behavior problem that significantly interferes with the implementation of the goals and objectives of the individual’s IEP. The behavioral intervention plan shall become part of the IEP and requires a functional analysis assessment...

Behavior Support Plan: Developed by the IEP team as needed; does not require a functional analysis assessment.

Blind: When a child relies basically on senses other than vision as a major channel for learning

CAHSEE (California High School Exit Examination): State law passed in 1999, passing required for diploma issuance; individual school board waivers may apply.

CAPA (California Alternate Performance Assessment): The alternate assessment to STAR (California Standardized Testing and Reporting) Program for children who cannot take part in general statewide assessment

Cerebral Palsy (CP): A disorder, not a disease, caused by damage to the brain, usually at birth. This may result in neurologically related conditions: seizures; mental retardation; abnormal sensation and perception; impairment of sight, hearing, or speech.

Certificate of Achievement: Awarded to students who do not pass the California High School Exit Examination, per individual district policy.

Certificate of Completion: Awarded to students who do not pass the California High School Exit Exam, per individual district policy.

Chronologically Age-Appropriate: Making the activities, behaviors, or settings of a disabled child as similar as possible to those of a non-disabled child of the same age.

Cognitive Abilities: The mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment.

Cognitive Operations (Skills): Processes involved in thinking, knowing; analytical, or logical: 1. Cognition – comprehension 2. Memory – retention, and recall of information 3. Convergent thinking – bringing together of knowing facts 4. Divergent thinking – use of knowledge in new ways (creative thinking) 5. Evaluation – critical thinking

Collaboration: Working in partnership on behalf of a child, e.g., parent and teacher or special education teacher and general education teacher.

Community-Based Instruction (CBI): A model for delivery of instruction in which the IEP goals are met in a “natural” age-appropriate setting. For example, math, sequencing, travel, and social skills may all be developed in the setting of a trip to the grocery store.

Complaint: An alleged violation by a public agency of any federal or state law or regulation.

Confidentiality: Assurance that no information contained in school records be released without parental permission, except as provided by law.

Consent: Permission from the parent/student (eighteen years or older) required by law for assessment, development of a special education program, and placement.

Consent: Parents have been fully informed of all information relevant to the activity for which consent is sought, in the primary language or another mode of communication of the parent(s). The parent understands and agrees in writing to the carrying out of the activity for which the consent is sought, and the consent describes that activity including lists of the records (if any) that will be released and to whom. The parent understands that the granting of consent is voluntary on the part of the parent, and may be revoked at any time.

Core Curriculum: The LEA-defined curriculum. The core curriculum is the range of knowledge and skills that are included in the district-adopted course of study, and which must be learned for successful grade promotion and graduation. The curriculum may include academic as well as cultural, social, and moral knowledge and skills. IEP goals and objectives should reflect knowledge and implementation of the district’s core curriculum as adapted for the student with disabilities.

Criterion-Referenced Testing (or measurements): Measures which answer the question, “What can this student do?” not “How does this student's performance compare to other students?” Individual performance is compared to an acceptable standard (criterion), such as “can correctly name letter of the alphabet”, not to the performance of others as in norm-referenced testing.