Academic psychology in India has a rich history dating back to the early 20th century. He set up the first psychology laboratory at the University of Calcutta in 1915. In the following years, psychology was introduced as an undergraduate subject in many universities across the country.
There are several universities in India offering undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programs in psychology. Some of the most famous universities are Delhi University, Mumbai University, Calcutta University, Jawaharlal Nehru University and Banaras Hindu University.
Psychological research is also progressing in India, and researchers in various fields such as clinical psychology, social psychology, developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, and educational psychology are active. The Indian Council for Social Science Research (ICSSR) and the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) fund research projects in psycho. Severaleral psychological research institutes have been established in the country.
Overall, academic psychology in India is active and growing, with an increasing number of students pursuing psychology degrees and an increasing interest in psychological studies.
Pre-independence era
Academic psychology in pre-independence India was a relatively new field of study. The first documented mention of psychology in India dates back to the 8th century when Indian philosophers such as Patanjali and Charaka wrote about the mind and its functions.
However, academic psychology as a separate field emerged during his late 19th-century colonial period when institutions such as the University of Calcutta and the University of Madras were founded. These institutions introduced psychology as a subject in their curriculum, and psychologists such as Brajendra Nasir and Girindra Sekar Bose began to make significant contributions to the field.
In 1916, the Indian Psychological Association (IPA) was established to promote research in psychology in India and to provide a platform for psychologists to share their research and ideas. IPA has played an important role in the development of academic psychology in India, organizing conferences and seminars on various psychological topics.
During this time, Indian psychologists were greatly influenced by Western psychological theories and approaches. However, he also incorporated elements of Indian philosophy and religion into his work, such as yoga and meditation.
Overall, academic psychology in pre-independence India was an emerging field that was just beginning to develop. Despite being relatively new, Indian psychologists had already made important contributions to the field, laying the foundation for the future growth of academic psychology.
post-independence era
Academic psychology grew significantly in the post-independence era of India. The government has invested heavily in higher education and many new universities and institutions have been established. Psychology departments were established in many universities, and the number of students studying psychology increased.
In the 1950s and his 1960s, Indian psychologists began questioning the superiority of Western psychological theories and approaches. They began to develop their own theories and methods based on Indian culture and philosophy. This has given rise to a distinctive branch of psychology known as Indian psychology.
Indian psychologists began to explore traditional practices such as yoga, meditation and Ayurveda and their potential applications in mental health and well-being. and cultural factors and their impact on mental health.
During this time, many Indian psychologists also contributed to the development of psychology as a discipline in other parts of the world. Indian psychologists like H.C. Ganguly and Durganand Sinha have made significant contributions to the field of cross-cultural psychology. In 1964, the Indian Council for Social Science Research (ICSSR) was established to fund research in the social sciences, including psychology. This led to an increase in psychological research, and many psychologists began publishing their research in international peer-reviewed journals.
Overall, the post-independence era of India saw significant growth in academic psychology. Indian psychologists began to develop their own theories and approaches and made important contributions to the field of psychology both in India and internationally.
The move to addressing social issues; the 1980s
In the 1980s, there was a growing movement in Indian academic psychology to look at social issues. Psychologists have begun to recognize the importance of understanding and addressing social problems such as poverty, gender inequality, caste discrimination, and community violence.
The movement was driven in part by the social and political conditions of the time, which saw a growing awareness of social inequality and a desire for social justice. Indian psychologists have begun to realize that traditional psychological theories and approaches are insufficient to understand and address these complex social issues.
One of the most important developments of this period was the emergence of critical psychology in India. Critical psychology is an approach that emphasizes the role of social, economic, and political factors in shaping psychological processes and phenomena. It challenges traditional psychological theories and approaches and seeks to develop new approaches better suited to addressing social issues.
Many psychologists in India began working closely with community organizations and social activists to better understand and address social issues. They conducted research more relevant to the needs of marginalized communities. and began developing interventions aimed at addressing social problems.
Overall, the engagement with social issues in Indian academic psychology in the 1980s brought important changes to the field. Psychologists began to recognize the importance of social context in shaping psychological processes and began to work more closely with communities and social activists to address social issues. It laid the foundation for a more socially engaging and politically relevant approach to psychology.
Indigenization; 1990s
In the 1990s, there was a growing movement towards the localization of academic psychology in India. Indigenization refers to the process of developing theories and approaches based on the culture, history and traditions of a particular society.
The localization movement was fueled by the growing awareness that Western psychological theories and approaches may not be fully applicable to the Indian context. Indian psychologists began to recognize the need for a more culturally sensitive psychology that takes into account the unique experiences and perspectives of Indians.
One of the most important developments of this period was the emergence of indigenous psychology in India. Indigenous psychology is an approach that emphasizes the use of local concepts and methods to understand psychological phenomena. It seeks to develop theories and approaches rooted in the cultural context of a particular society.
Indian psychologists began to develop new theories and approaches, drawing on traditional Indian concepts and practices such as yoga, meditation, and Ayurveda. started to develop. B. Using stories and storytelling.
The indigenization movement also led to renewed interest in the study of Indian philosophy and religion. Psychologists began to explore the potential applications of these traditions in psychology, developing new approaches that integrated Indian philosophy and psychology.
Overall, the localization movement of academic psychology in India in the 1990s marked an important shift in the field. Psychologists began to recognize the importance of cultural context in shaping psychological processes and began to develop new theories and approaches that were more culturally sensitive and related to the Indian context. Laid the foundation for a more culturally grounded and context-sensitive approach to psychology in India.
Paradigmatic concerns, disciplinary identity crisis; 2000s
In the 2000s, Indian academic psychology was marked by paradigm concerns and an academic identity crisis. Psychologists have been challenged to reconcile the traditional, Western-oriented approach to psychology with the need for a more culturally sensitive and contextual approach.
One of the key problems has been the dominance of positivist and empirical approaches in psychology. Many psychologists in India felt that these approaches were too narrow and did not take into account the wider social and cultural context. He argued that a more holistic and contextual approach was needed. Another issue is the tension between the need for a clear professional identity in Indian psychology and the need to maintain links with the broader international community of psychologists. While some psychologists felt that a distinct professional identity was needed to address the unique challenges and opportunities of Indian psychology, others felt that this led to isolation. , argued that this could lead to a lack of involvement in international developments in this field.
In addition, there is a growing awareness of the need for interdisciplinary collaboration in psychology. Psychologists began to collaborate more closely with scholars in other fields such as anthropology, sociology, and cultural studies, developing a more holistic and interdisciplinary approach to understanding psychological phenomena.
Overall, the paradigmatic concerns and academic identity crisis of the 2000s marked an important period of reflection and introspection for academic psychology in India. Psychologists began to challenge popular approaches and paradigms and seek new ways to understand more culturally sensitive and contextually relevant psychological phenomena. It laid the foundation for a more interdisciplinary, context-based approach.
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