Here in this article, we are going to explore some basic terminology regarding inclusive education, Inclusive education is an umbrella term that encompasses considerations and strategies to support the diversity of learners in a given context by minimising barriers to learning, as this may impact individual’s ability to achieve her/his full potential. Inclusive educational setup refers to equitable and non-discriminatory arrangement where each child is valued, accepted and respected. Every child gets equal opportunity of participation in all those activities that suits her capability. let's explore it together
Albinism: A hereditary condition with a partial or total absence of pigments in the eye
Assessment: The process of gathering information and identifying a student’s strengths and needs through a variety of instruments and products data used in making decisions
Assistive listening devices (ALDs): Devices such as FM or sound field system that improves the clarity of what is heard by an individual with hearing impairment by reducing background noise levels.
Assistive technology: Any piece of equipment, or product system that increases, maintains or improves the functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.
At risk: An infant or a child who has a high probability of exhibiting delays in development or developing a disability Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD): A Disorder characterized by symptoms of attention, hyperactivity, and /or impulsivity. Frequently observed in individuals with learning disabilities.
Audiologists: A professional, who studies the science of hearing including anatomy, function and disorders and provide education and treatment for those with hearing loss.
Category: Label assigned to individuals who share common characteristics and features.
Cerebral palsy: Several progressive disorder of voluntary movement or posture that is caused due to damage to the developing brain.
Classroom arrangement: the physical layout of the classroom and its d├йcor: a proactive intervention technique designed to minimize disruptions while increasing pupil engagement.
Collaboration: How individuals work together: a style of interaction among professionals.
Creativity: A term with multiple meanings, generally referring to the production of novel or original ideas.
Criterion-referenced assessment: An assessment procedure in which a student's performance is compared to a particular level of mastery.
Deaf: Limited or absent hearing for ordinary purposes of daily living.
Deafblind: A dual disability resulting in impaired hearing and vision.
Decibel (dB): Units measure expressing the magnitude of a sound relative to the softest sound to which the normal human ear can respond
Developmental delay: A term defined by individual states referring to children ages 3 to 9 who perform significantly below developmental norms
Disability: An inability or incapacity to perform a task or an activity in a normative fashion
Discrepancy: In regards to learning disabilities, the difference between the student's actual academic performance and his or her estimated ability
Down syndrome: A chromosomal abnormality frequently resulting in intellectual disabilities with accompanying distinctive physical features.
Dyslexia: A severe reading disability; difficulty in understanding the relationship between sounds and letters.
Early intervention: The delivery of a coordinated and comprehensive package of specialized services to infants and toddlers with developmental delays or at-risk conditions and their families.
Epilepsy: A chronic condition in which a person has reoccurring features.
Executive functioning: Internal regulations of one's behaviour through control of emotions, inner speech, working memory, arousal levels and motivation. Considered impaired in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Expressive language: The formation and production of language, verbal and non-verbal, that is understood by and meaningful to others.
Fingerspelling: Form of manual communication; different positions or movements of the fingers indicate the letter of the alphabet.
FM system Wireless: System that allows for the transmission of a signal from the teacher wearing a microphone to the student wearing a receiver, increasing the volume of the teacher’s voice over the volume level of classroom noise.
Frequency: The number of vibrations per second of a given sound wave: typically measured as cycle per second (cps) or hertz (Hz)
Full inclusion: An interpretation of the principle of least restrictive environment advocating that all pupils with disabilities are to be educated in the general education classroom.
Handicap: Difficulties imposed by the environment on a person with a disability Hard of hearing: Refers to a person who has a hearing loss but uses the auditory channel as the primary avenue for oral communication with or without a hearing aid.
Hearing impairment: Less than normal hearing resulting from auditory disorder(s)
Individualized education program: The written detailed plan was developed by the team for each pupil who receives special education
Instructional Technology: Any device that supports the teaching-learning process, such as a computer: a tool for the delivery of instruction.
Language: A code used to communicate ideas via a conventional system or arbitrary signals
Learning disabilities: A disability in which there is a discrepancy between a person’s ability and academic achievement: individual possesses average intelligence
Learning strategies: Instructional methodologies focusing on teaching students how to learn: designed to assist pupils in becoming more actively engaged and involved in their own learning.
Least restrictive environment (LRE): A relative concept individually determined for each pupil should be educated, to the maximum extent appropriate with classmates who are typical.
Multiple disabilities: Concomitant impairments that result in such severe educational needs that a student cannot be accommodated in a special education program solely on the basis of one of the impairments.
Multiple intelligence: An alternative perspective on intelligence suggesting that there are many different kinds of intelligence
Orthopaedic impairments: Physical disabilities that occur from congenital anomalies, diseases, or other causes that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.
Prevalence : The total number of individuals in a given category during a particular period of time.
Referral: A formal request by a teacher or parent that a student is evaluated for special education services.
Universal Design for Learning: The design of curriculum material instructional activities, and evaluation procedures that can meet the needs of learners with widely varying abilities and backgrounds.
Visual acuity: The ability to visually perceive details of near or distant objects
Visual impairment: Impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects an individual’s educational performance. The term includes both partial sight and blindness.
Working memory: The ability to retain information while also engaging in another cognitive activity
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