In the hyper-connected digital age, smartphones have become extensions of our minds—tools for work, leisure, and learning. However, with this integration comes a dark side: doomscrolling. Coined during the COVID-19 pandemic, doomscrolling refers to the compulsive consumption of negative online news, often leading to heightened anxiety, emotional numbness, and cognitive fatigue. This article explores the psychological mechanisms behind doomscrolling, its impact on attention and empathy, and offers evidence-based strategies to break free from its grip.
Table of Contents
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What is Doomscrolling?
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The Attention Economy and Algorithmic Manipulation
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Neuropsychological Mechanisms Behind Doomscrolling
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Empathy in the Digital Age: From Compassion to Collapse
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Cognitive and Emotional Consequences of Doomscrolling
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Doomscrolling and Mental Health: Research Insights
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Who Is Most at Risk?
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How to Break the Doomscrolling Habit
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Conclusions and the Way Forward
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References
1. What is Doomscrolling?
Doomscrolling refers to the compulsive habit of continuously consuming negative or distressing news online, typically via social media platforms like Twitter (now X), Instagram, Reddit, or news feeds. It is not simply the act of staying informed—it is the inability to stop seeking out bad news despite feeling worse.
Origin of the Term
The term gained popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic, a time when uncertainty was high, and people sought answers through news consumption. Ironically, the more they scrolled, the more distressed they became.
2. The Attention Economy and Algorithmic Manipulation
The Digital Battlefield for Attention
In the attention economy, our focus is a valuable commodity. Platforms use algorithms designed to maximize engagement by showing content that triggers strong emotional reactions—especially fear, anger, or outrage.
“If you’re not paying for the product, you are the product.” — Andrew Lewis
Algorithms are not inherently malicious, but they amplify content that increases screen time. Unfortunately, negative news consistently performs better in engagement metrics due to the brain’s negativity bias.
Filter Bubbles and Echo Chambers
By personalizing feeds, algorithms can trap users in filter bubbles, limiting exposure to diverse perspectives and reinforcing anxiety through repeated exposure to distressing themes.
3. Neuropsychological Mechanisms Behind Doomscrolling
Brain Regions Involved
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Amygdala: Activates in response to threats; drives fear-based reactions.
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Prefrontal Cortex: Handles rational thinking but becomes compromised under stress and information overload.
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Dopaminergic System: Provides rewards for seeking novel information—even if it is negative.
Cognitive Loops
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Trigger: A distressing headline appears.
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Reaction: The amygdala activates; anxiety increases.
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Behavior: The user scrolls for more information to reduce uncertainty.
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Outcome: Temporary relief or more anxiety, reinforcing the cycle.
This loop mirrors addictive behavior, as users seek emotional regulation through further scrolling, often unsuccessfully.
4. Empathy in the Digital Age: From Compassion to Collapse
Digital Empathy vs. Empathy Fatigue
Exposure to suffering can foster empathy, but chronic exposure—especially without action—leads to empathy fatigue. Over time, users may:
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Numb their emotions to cope.
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Experience guilt over inaction.
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Feel powerless in the face of global crises.
This mirrors the clinical concept of compassion fatigue, seen among healthcare professionals but increasingly observed in digital consumers.
“Empathy erosion is a silent casualty of digital overexposure.” — Dr. Manju Rani
5. Cognitive and Emotional Consequences of Doomscrolling
Short-Term Effects
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Impaired attention span
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Increased irritability
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Sleep disturbances
Long-Term Effects
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
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Depression and mood dysregulation
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Learned helplessness
A 2021 study published in Technology, Mind, and Behavior found a positive correlation between time spent doomscrolling and depressive symptoms in young adults.
6. Doomscrolling and Mental Health: Research Insights
Key Studies
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Meshi et al. (2020): Found that repeated negative exposure via social media reduces emotional sensitivity over time.
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Keles et al. (2020): Meta-analysis revealing strong links between social media use and mental health issues.
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Satici et al. (2020): Identified intolerance of uncertainty as a predictor of increased doomscrolling during crises like pandemics.
These studies confirm that perceived loss of control intensifies both the desire to scroll and the distress it causes.
7. Who Is Most at Risk?
Vulnerable Group | Why They're at Risk |
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Adolescents & Young Adults | High digital exposure, emotional development phase |
People with Anxiety/Depression | Use scrolling to cope, worsening symptoms over time |
Healthcare Professionals | Constant exposure to real-world and digital trauma |
Remote Workers | Lack of boundaries between work, leisure, and information |
Empaths/Highly Sensitive People | Strong emotional reactivity to negative content |
8. How to Break the Doomscrolling Habit
1. Set Time Limits
Use digital wellbeing apps (like Digital Wellbeing on Android or Screen Time on iOS) to limit time spent on specific apps.
2. Curate Your Feed
Unfollow accounts that post sensational or panic-inducing content. Follow pages that share hopeful, solution-oriented news.
3. Practice Digital Mindfulness
Engage with content consciously, not reactively. Ask: “Is this helping or harming me?”
4. Schedule News Check-ins
Limit yourself to two fixed times a day for news updates—morning and early evening are best.
5. Physical Interventions
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Keep your phone out of the bedroom.
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Replace doomscrolling with journaling or reading.
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Engage in regular aerobic exercise—a proven buffer against digital fatigue.
6. Therapeutic Tools
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CBT techniques to reframe catastrophic thoughts.
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Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for emotional regulation.
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Gratitude journaling to counter negativity bias.
9. Conclusions and the Way Forward
Doomscrolling is more than a bad habit—it is a symptom of a larger socio-technological ecosystem that thrives on our distress. While staying informed is crucial, digital literacy and emotional regulation are equally vital. By understanding the neuropsychological roots and implementing intentional strategies, we can reclaim our attention and revive our capacity for empathy in a media-saturated world.
10. References
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Meshi, D., Tamir, D. I., & Heekeren, H. R. (2020). The emerging neuroscience of social media. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24(2), 103–117.
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Keles, B., McCrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2020). A systematic review: The influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 79–93.
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Satici, B., Saricali, M., Satici, S. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellbeing: Serial mediation by rumination and fear of COVID-19. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction.
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Andreassen, C. S., & Pallesen, S. (2014). Social network site addiction – An overview. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 20(25), 4053–4061.
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Hassan, L., Barber, B., & Teo, T. (2021). Online news consumption and well-being. Technology, Mind, and Behavior, 2(1).